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  2. Ptolemaic dynasty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty

    Ptolemy I and other early rulers of the dynasty were not married to their relatives, the childless marriage of siblings Ptolemy II and Arsinoe II [22] being an exception. The first child-producing incestuous marriage in the Ptolemaic dynasty was that of Ptolemy IV and Arsinoe III , who were succeeded as co-pharaohs by their son Ptolemy V , born ...

  3. Deferent and epicycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deferent_and_epicycle

    Various 16th-century books based on Ptolemy and Copernicus use about equal numbers of epicycles. [13] [14] [15] The idea that Copernicus used only 34 circles in his system comes from his own statement in a preliminary unpublished sketch called the Commentariolus. By the time he published De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, he

  4. Optics (Ptolemy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optics_(Ptolemy)

    A 16th-century engraving of Ptolemy. Ptolemy's Optics is a 2nd-century book on geometrical optics, dealing with reflection, refraction, and colour. The book was most likely written late in Ptolemy's life, after the Almagest, during the 160s. [1] The work is of great importance in the early history of optics. The Greek text has been lost completely.

  5. Ptolemaic Kingdom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom

    A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period. Volume 2 – The Coming of the Greeks: The Early Hellenistic Period (335 – 175 BC). T&T Clark. ISBN 978-0-567-03396-3. Grainger, John D. (2010). The Syrian Wars. Brill. pp. 281–328. ISBN 9789004180505. Hölbl, Günther (2000). A History of the Ptolemaic Empire. Translated by ...

  6. Canon of Kings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_of_Kings

    The Canon of Kings was a dated list of kings used by ancient astronomers as a convenient means to date astronomical phenomena, such as eclipses.For a period, the Canon was preserved by the astronomer Claudius Ptolemy, and is thus known sometimes as Ptolemy's Canon.

  7. Almagest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almagest

    An edition in Latin of the Almagestum in 1515. The Almagest (/ ˈ æ l m ə dʒ ɛ s t / AL-mə-jest) is a 2nd-century mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions of the stars and planetary paths, written by Claudius Ptolemy (c. AD 100 – c. 170) in Koine Greek. [1]

  8. Tetrabiblos - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrabiblos

    Opening chapter of the first printed edition of Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos, transcribed into Greek and Latin by Joachim Camerarius (Nuremberg, 1535).. The commonly known Greek and Latin titles (Tetrabiblos and Quadripartitum respectively), meaning 'four books', are traditional nicknames [24] for a work which in some Greek manuscripts is entitled Μαθηματικὴ τετράβιβλος ...

  9. Ancient Greek astronomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_astronomy

    Three important textbooks, written shortly before Ptolemy's time, were written by Cleomedes, Geminus, and Theon of Smyrna. Books by Roman authors like Pliny the Elder and Vitruvius contain some information on Greek astronomy. The most important primary source is the Almagest, since Ptolemy refers to the work of many of his predecessors. [3]