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The October Revolution, [b] also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution [c] (in Soviet historiography), October coup, [4] [5] Bolshevik coup, [5] or Bolshevik revolution, [6] [7] was a revolution in Russia led by Vladimir Lenin's Bolsheviks as part of the broader Russian Revolution of 1917–1923. It was the second revolutionary change ...
In response, the Bolshevik commissar Leon Trotsky began organizing workers' militias loyal to the Bolsheviks into the Red Army. While key events occurred in Moscow and Petrograd, every city in the empire was convulsed, including the provinces of national minorities, and in the rural areas peasants took over and redistributed land.
[17] [18] Twenty-two percent of Bolsheviks were gentry (1.7% of the total population) and 38% were uprooted peasants; compared with 19% and 26% for the Mensheviks. In 1907, 78% of the Bolsheviks were Russian and 10% were Jewish; compared to 34% and 20% for the Mensheviks. Total Bolshevik membership was 8,400 in 1905, 13,000 in 1906, and 46,100 ...
He began arguing for a Bolshevik-led armed insurrection to topple the government, but at a clandestine meeting of the party's central committee this idea was rejected. [142] Lenin then headed by train and by foot to Finland, arriving at Helsinki on 10 August, where he hid away in safe houses belonging to Bolshevik sympathisers. [143]
[2] [3] Membership of the Bolshevik party had risen from 24,000 members in February 1917 to 200,000 members by September 1917. [4] 50,000 workers had passed a resolution in favour of the Bolshevik demand for the transfer of power to the Soviets. [5] [6] Lenin, Trotsky, and Kamenev celebrating the second anniversary of the October Revolution
The Bolsheviks made use of the slogan "Self-determination" to fight imperialism and to build support among non-Russian nationalities. [30] Lenin's position was that after the revolution all nationalities would be free to choose, either to become part of Soviet Russia or become independent. [31]
By the beginning of the February Revolution, the leading figures of the Bolshevik faction were mainly in exile or in emigration, and therefore the Bolsheviks did not take an organized part in it. The Bolshevik leaders who returned from exile, who, along with the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries, became members of the Petrograd Soviet ...
After the Bolsheviks turned the tide and were winning the civil war in late 1919, Lenin and many others wanted to expand the revolution westwards into Europe, starting with Poland, which was fighting the Red Army in Byelorussia and Ukraine. Stalin, in Ukraine at the time, argued these ambitions were unrealistic but lost.