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  2. Protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein

    Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location ...

  3. Protein biosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_biosynthesis

    The tertiary structure is the proteins overall 3D structure which is made of different secondary structures folding together. In the tertiary structure, key protein features e.g. the active site, are folded and formed enabling the protein to function. Finally, some proteins may adopt a complex quaternary structure. Most proteins are made of a ...

  4. Biomolecule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecule

    This protein was the first to have its structure solved by X-ray crystallography by Max Perutz and Sir John Cowdery Kendrew in 1958, for which they received a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. A biomolecule or biological molecule is loosely defined as a molecule produced by a living organism and essential to one or more typically biological processes. [1]

  5. Claudin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudin

    It varies in length from 21 to 63 and is necessary for the localization of these proteins in the tight junctions. [10] It is thought that it may play a role in cell signaling. [11] All human claudins (with the exception of Claudin 12) have domains that let them bind to PDZ domains of scaffold proteins.

  6. Proteome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteome

    A proteome is the entire set of proteins that is, or can be, expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism at a certain time. It is the set of expressed proteins in a given type of cell or organism, at a given time, under defined conditions. Proteomics is the study of the proteome.

  7. Proteomics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteomics

    Robotic preparation of MALDI mass spectrometry samples on a sample carrier. Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins. [1] [2] Proteins are vital macromolecules of all living organisms, with many functions such as the formation of structural fibers of muscle tissue, enzymatic digestion of food, or synthesis and replication of DNA.

  8. Protein metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_metabolism

    Protein anabolism is the process by which proteins are formed from amino acids. It relies on five processes: amino acid synthesis, transcription , translation , post translational modifications , and protein folding .

  9. Membrane protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_protein

    Although membrane proteins play an important role in all organisms, their purification has historically, and continues to be, a huge challenge for protein scientists. In 2008, 150 unique structures of membrane proteins were available, [ 14 ] and by 2019 only 50 human membrane proteins had had their structures elucidated. [ 13 ]

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