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Culturally, cleanliness is usually a good quality, as indicated by the aphorism: "Cleanliness is next to Godliness", [1] and may be regarded as contributing to other ideals such as health and beauty. The concept of cleanliness emphasizes an ongoing procedure or set of habits for the purpose of maintenance and prevention.
Throughout history people have devised systems to get water into their communities and households, and to dispose (and later also treat) wastewater. [67] The focus of sewage treatment at that time was on conveying raw sewage to a natural body of water, e.g. a river or ocean , where it would be diluted and dissipated.
Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, or Clean India Mission is a country-wide campaign initiated by the Government of India on 2 October 2014 to eliminate open defecation and improve solid waste management and to create Open Defecation Free (ODF) villages.
Sir Edwin Chadwick. Following the onset of industrialization and the sustained urban growth of large population centres in England, the buildup of waste in the cities caused a rapid deterioration in levels of sanitation and the general quality of urban life.
The history of water supply and sanitation is the topic of a separate article. The abbreviation WASH was used from the year 1988 onwards as an acronym for the Water and Sanitation for Health Project of the United States Agency for International Development. [154] At that time, the letter "H" stood for health, not hygiene.
The terms cleanliness and hygiene are often used interchangeably, which can cause confusion. In general, hygiene refers to practices that prevent spread of disease-causing organisms. Cleaning processes (e.g., handwashing [1]) remove infectious microbes as well as dirt and soil, and are thus often the means to achieve hygiene.
This taboo presumably originated because of cleanliness concerns, and ultimately, led to other prejudices such as the taboo on marrying outside one's caste. Jaiswal argues that this theory cannot explain how various social groups were isolated as untouchable or accorded a social rank. [ 15 ]
Functions of CPCB comes under both national level and as State Boards for the Union Territories. CPCB, under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, aims to promote cleanliness of streams and wells in different areas of the States by prevention, control and abatement of water pollution, and to improve the quality ...