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Californium is a silvery-white actinide metal [12] with a melting point of 900 ± 30 °C (1,650 ± 50 °F) and an estimated boiling point of 1,743 K (1,470 °C; 2,680 °F). [13] The pure metal is malleable and is easily cut with a knife. Californium metal starts to vaporize above 300 °C (570 °F) when exposed to a vacuum. [14]
Few compounds of californium have been made and studied. [1] The only californium ion that is stable in aqueous solutions is the californium(III) cation. [2] The other two oxidation states are IV (strong oxidizing agents) and II (strong reducing agents). [3]
Californium(III) oxide forms a yellow-green solid with a melting point of 1750 °C and exists in three modifications. [2] The body-centered cubic modification forms a crystal lattice with a = 1083.9 ± 0.4 pm. The transition temperature between body-centered cubic and monoclinic structures is about 1400 °C. [3] [4] It is insoluble in water. [5]
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Element Negative states Positive states Group Notes −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9 Z; 1 hydrogen: H −1 +1: 1 2 helium: He 0 18
Californium oxychloride (Cf OCl) is a radioactive salt first discovered in measurable quantities in 1960. It is composed of a single californium cation and oxychloride consisting of one chloride and one oxide anion. It was the first californium compound ever isolated. [1]
The incidence of positively charged ions (cations, oxycations and hydroxycations) and negatively charged ions (anions, oyxanions and hydroxyanions) in each block of the periodic table shows a left to right decline of positively charged ions and increase in negatively charged species, This pattern is consistent with a left to right progression ...
Californium (98 Cf) is an artificial element, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. Like all artificial elements, it has no stable isotopes. The first isotope to be synthesized was 245 Cf in 1950. There are 20 known radioisotopes ranging from 237 Cf to 256 Cf and one nuclear isomer, 249m Cf.