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Lactulose is commonly prescribed for children who develop fear of their bowel movements and are withholders. This is because lactulose, when dosed in the proper amount, causes a bowel movement that is impossible to retain for very long. Lactulose is also used for the elderly because of its gentle and consistent results. [medical citation needed]
For example, the limiting acid in liquid ammonia is the ammonium ion, NH 4 + which has a pK a value in water of 9.25. The limiting base is the amide ion, NH 2-. NH 2 − is a stronger base than the hydroxide ion and so cannot exist in aqueous solution. The pK a value of ammonia is estimated to be approximately 34 (c.f. water, 14 [3] [4]).
Lactulose works by the osmotic effect, which retains water in the colon; lowering the pH through bacterial fermentation to lactic, formic, and acetic acids; and increasing colonic peristalsis. Lactulose is also indicated in portal-systemic encephalopathy.
[4] [23] Lactulose does not appear to be more effective than lactitol for treating people with hepatic encephalopathy. [23] Side effects of lactulose and lactitol include the possibility of diarrhea, abdominal bloating, gassiness, and nausea. [23] In acute liver failure, it is unclear whether lactulose is beneficial.
- "The slightly acidic condition of the colon caused by the presence of ammonia causes active peristalsis." Ammonia is, of course, alkaline. If the breakdown products of lactulose do in fact increase the acidity of the bowel contents, this would react with and therefore remove ammonia. At the very least this needs clarification.
A forensic pathologist with the city medical examiner's office at the time, Dr. Marlon Osbourne, initially ruled Greenberg's death a homicide, according to court documents.
You can select the type of annuity you want and work with a qualified financial advisor to decide based on your needs. Drawbacks of Annuities One of the most significant drawbacks of an annuity is ...
Striking ski patrollers at the biggest US resort return to work claiming victory. Food. Food. Eating Well. We asked 6 chefs the secret to the best vinaigrette — they all said the same thing.
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