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  2. Long short-term memory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_short-term_memory

    The Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) cell can process data sequentially and keep its hidden state through time. Long short-term memory (LSTM) [1] is a type of recurrent neural network (RNN) aimed at mitigating the vanishing gradient problem [2] commonly encountered by traditional RNNs.

  3. Transformer (deep learning architecture) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer_(deep_learning...

    A 380M-parameter model for machine translation uses two long short-term memories (LSTM). [23] Its architecture consists of two parts. The encoder is an LSTM that takes in a sequence of tokens and turns it into a vector. The decoder is another LSTM that converts the vector into a sequence

  4. Foundation model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_model

    The Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence's (HAI) Center for Research on Foundation Models (CRFM) coined the term "foundation model" in August 2021 [16] to mean "any model that is trained on broad data (generally using self-supervision at scale) that can be adapted (e.g., fine-tuned) to a wide range of downstream tasks". [17]

  5. Attention Is All You Need - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_Is_All_You_Need

    A 380M-parameter model for machine translation uses two long short-term memories (LSTM). [21] Its architecture consists of two parts. The encoder is an LSTM that takes in a sequence of tokens and turns it into a vector. The decoder is another LSTM that converts the vector into a sequence

  6. Mamba (deep learning architecture) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamba_(deep_learning...

    Operating on byte-sized tokens, transformers scale poorly as every token must "attend" to every other token leading to O(n 2) scaling laws, as a result, Transformers opt to use subword tokenization to reduce the number of tokens in text, however, this leads to very large vocabulary tables and word embeddings.

  7. GPT-2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPT-2

    Since the transformer architecture enabled massive parallelization, GPT models could be trained on larger corpora than previous NLP (natural language processing) models.. While the GPT-1 model demonstrated that the approach was viable, GPT-2 would further explore the emergent properties of networks trained on extremely large corpo

  8. Gated recurrent unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gated_recurrent_unit

    Gated recurrent units (GRUs) are a gating mechanism in recurrent neural networks, introduced in 2014 by Kyunghyun Cho et al. [1] The GRU is like a long short-term memory (LSTM) with a gating mechanism to input or forget certain features, [2] but lacks a context vector or output gate, resulting in fewer parameters than LSTM. [3]

  9. Online machine learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_machine_learning

    In computer science, online machine learning is a method of machine learning in which data becomes available in a sequential order and is used to update the best predictor for future data at each step, as opposed to batch learning techniques which generate the best predictor by learning on the entire training data set at once.