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  2. Thermite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermite

    A thermite reaction using iron(III) oxide. The sparks flying outwards are globules of molten iron trailing smoke in their wake. In the following example, elemental aluminium reduces the oxide of another metal, in this common example iron oxide, because aluminium forms stronger and more stable bonds with oxygen than iron:

  3. Exothermic process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exothermic_process

    An exothermic thermite reaction using iron(III) oxide. The sparks flying outwards are globules of molten iron trailing smoke in their wake. Some examples of exothermic processes are: [14] Combustion of fuels such as wood, coal and oil/petroleum; The thermite reaction [15] The reaction of alkali metals and other highly electropositive metals ...

  4. Aluminothermic reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminothermic_reaction

    The sparks flying outwards are globules of molten iron trailing smoke in their wake. Video of aluminothermic reaction to make stainless steel from iron ore. Aluminothermic reactions are exothermic chemical reactions using aluminium as the reducing agent at high temperature. The process is industrially useful for production of alloys of iron. [1]

  5. Chemical reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reaction

    Chemical reactions such as combustion in fire, fermentation and the reduction of ores to metals were known since antiquity. Initial theories of transformation of materials were developed by Greek philosophers, such as the Four-Element Theory of Empedocles stating that any substance is composed of the four basic elements – fire, water, air and ...

  6. Sintering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintering

    An example of sintering can be observed when ice cubes in a glass of water adhere to each other, which is driven by the temperature difference between the water and the ice. Examples of pressure-driven sintering are the compacting of snowfall to a glacier, or the formation of a hard snowball by pressing loose snow together.

  7. Iron compounds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_compounds

    Iron shows the characteristic chemical properties of the transition metals, namely the ability to form variable oxidation states differing by steps of one and a very large coordination and organometallic chemistry: indeed, it was the discovery of an iron compound, ferrocene, that revolutionalized the latter field in the 1950s. [1]

  8. Iron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron

    As such, iron is the most abundant element in the core of red giants, and is the most abundant metal in iron meteorites and in the dense metal cores of planets such as Earth. [29] It is also very common in the universe, relative to other stable metals of approximately the same atomic weight.

  9. Metal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal

    Their respective densities of 1.7, 2.7, and 4.5 g/cm 3 can be compared to those of the older structural metals, like iron at 7.9 and copper at 8.9 g/cm 3. The most common lightweight metals are aluminium [12] [13] and magnesium [14] [15] alloys. Schematic appearance of round metal bars after tensile testing. (a) Brittle fracture (b) Ductile ...