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The eruption column of Mount Pinatubo on June 12, 1991, three days before the climactic eruption View to the west from Clark Air Base of the major eruption of Pinatubo on June 15, 1991. The June 15–16 climatic phase lasted more than fifteen hours, sent tephra about 35 km (22 mi) into the atmosphere, generated voluminous pyroclastic flows ...
The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines' Luzon Volcanic Arc was the second-largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century, behind only the 1912 eruption of Novarupta in Alaska. Eruptive activity began on April 2 as a series of phreatic explosions from a fissure that opened on the north side of Mount Pinatubo .
Operation Fiery Vigil was the emergency evacuation of all non-essential military and U.S. Department of Defense civilian personnel and their dependents from Clark Air Base and U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay during the June 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Republic of the Philippines.
Lake Pinatubo (Filipino: Lawa ng Pinatubo) is the summit crater lake of Mount Pinatubo formed after its climactic eruption on June 15, 1991. The lake is located in the Zambales Mountains, in Botolan, Zambales, near the boundaries of Pampanga and Tarlac provinces in the Philippines.
Although the mountains are volcanic in origin, [2] Mount Pinatubo is the only active volcano in the mountain range. Its eruption on June 15, 1991 was the second most powerful volcanic eruption of the 20th century after the 1912 eruption of Novarupta in Alaska.
Mount Pinatubo is on the Central Luzon landmass between the South China Sea and the Philippine Sea. The 1991 eruption of Pinatubo was andesite and dacite in the pre-climactic phase but only dacite in the climactic phase. The climactic phase had a volume of 3.7–5.3 km 3. [9]
Mapanuepe lake is located at the confluence of Marella and Mapanuepe Rivers as the two rivers merge to become the Santo Tomas River. The subsequent rains following the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo produced lahar that dumped volcanic debris on the Marella River, one of the major drainages of the mountain, aggrading the river that eventually dammed the Mapanuepe River.
June 10 – About 15,000 Americans are evacuated from Clark Air Base as Pinatubo eruption begins. [4] [5] [6] [7]June 15 – Mount Pinatubo erupts, the peak of series of major explosions on June 12–16, in what will be the second largest terrestrial eruption of the 20th century; [4] [8] [9] volcano's alert level has been raised to the highest, June 9; Typhoon Yunya further worsens lahar flows ...