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Nitrate is the end-product of nitrification, and is the least toxic of the nitrogen compounds, with 96-hour exposure LC 50 values in freshwater in excess of 1,000 mg/L. [6] A biofilter provides a substrate for the bacterial community, which results in thick biofilm growing within the filter. [ 4 ]
During the 1980s, Sera continued to broaden its offering with new lines of foods, vitamins, and technological products. Notably, the era featured the launch of the Sera Bio-Denitrator, the first device designed to biologically reduce nitrate levels in aquariums. [4] Sera products are sold in more than 80 countries. [citation needed] [5]
Periodic removal of the algae that has grown inside of an algae scrubber removes nutrients (ammonia, nitrate, phosphate) from the aquarium water, thus providing the needed filtration. An algae scrubber is a water filtering device which uses light to grow algae ; in this process, undesirable chemicals are removed from the water. [ 1 ]
Nitrate levels peak later in the startup phase as the system completes nitrogen cycles and maintains a healthy biofilter and these bacteria grow into a mature colony. [37] with nitrate levels peaking later in the startup phase. [citation needed] In the nitrification process ammonia is oxidized into nitrite, which releases hydrogen ions into the ...
Aquarium filters are critical components of both freshwater and marine aquaria. [1] [2] [3] Aquarium filters remove physical and soluble chemical waste products from aquaria, simplifying maintenance. Furthermore, aquarium filters are necessary to support life as aquaria are relatively small, closed volumes of water compared to the natural ...
The Berlin Method of biological filtration is a method for maintaining a clean and stable environment within a saltwater aquarium, typically a coral reef system. This method relies on the use of ample live rock (rock with live marine organisms and bacteria on or in it).
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