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Like many lofty titles, such as mogul, tsar or czar has been used in English as a metaphor for positions of high authority since 1866 (referring to U.S. President Andrew Johnson), with a connotation of dictatorial powers and style, fitting since "autocrat" was an official title of the Russian Emperor (informally referred to as 'the tsar').
Czar, sometimes spelled tsar, is an informal title used for certain high-level officials in the United States and United Kingdom, typically granted broad power to address a particular issue. The title is usually treated as gender-neutral although the technically correct Russian term for a female title holder would be czarina .
The Tsar of all Russia, [1] officially the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, [a] [b] [2] [3] [4] was the title of the Russian monarch from 1547 to 1721. During this period, the state was a tsardom. [5] [6] The first Russian monarch to be crowned tsar was Ivan IV, who had held the title of sovereign and grand prince.
The development of the Tsar's autocratic powers reached a peak during the reign of Ivan IV, and he gained the sobriquet "Grozny". The English word terrible is usually used to translate the Russian word grozny in Ivan's nickname, but this is a somewhat archaic translation.
Example of a Soviet-era ukaz: the appointment of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, 1964.. In Imperial Russia, a ukase (/ j uː ˈ k eɪ z,-ˈ k eɪ s / [1] [2]) or ukaz (Russian: указ) was a proclamation of the tsar, government, [3] or a religious leadership (e.g., Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' or the Most Holy Synod) that had the force of law.
"The Prayer of Russians" [a] is a patriotic hymn that was used as the national anthem of Imperial Russia from 1816 to 1833. After defeating the First French Empire, Tsar Alexander I of Russia recommended a national anthem for Russia.
(July 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Russian article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy ...
Tsarist autocracy (Russian: царское самодержавие, romanized: tsarskoye samoderzhaviye), also called Tsarism, was an autocracy, a form of absolute monarchy localised with the Grand Duchy of Moscow and its successor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire.