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NAT Port Mapping Protocol (NAT-PMP) is a network protocol for establishing network address translation (NAT) settings and port forwarding configurations automatically without user effort. [1] The protocol automatically determines the external IPv4 address of a NAT gateway, and provides means for an application to communicate the parameters for ...
Port forwarding via NAT router. In computer networking, port forwarding or port mapping is an application of network address translation (NAT) that redirects a communication request from one address and port number combination to another while the packets are traversing a network gateway, such as a router or firewall.
NAT hairpinning, also known as NAT loopback or NAT reflection, [26] is a feature in many consumer routers [27] where a machine on the LAN is able to access another machine on the LAN via the external IP address of the LAN/router (with port forwarding set up on the router to direct requests to the appropriate machine on the LAN).
Various NAT traversal techniques have been developed: NAT Port Mapping Protocol (NAT-PMP) is a protocol introduced by Apple as an alternative to IGDP. Port Control Protocol (PCP) is a successor of NAT-PMP. UPnP Internet Gateway Device Protocol (UPnP IGD) is supported by many small NAT gateways in home or small office settings. It allows a ...
Diagram of the UPnP ' s discovery phase. Internet Gateway Device (UPnP IGD) Control Protocol is a protocol based on UPnP for mapping ports in network address translation (NAT) setups, supported by some NAT-enabled routers.
Port Control Protocol (PCP) is a computer networking protocol that allows hosts on IPv4 or IPv6 networks to control how the incoming IPv4 or IPv6 packets are translated and forwarded by an upstream router that performs network address translation (NAT) or packet filtering.
Port Control Protocol; Port forwarding; S. STUN; T. Traversal Using Relays around NAT This page was last edited on 7 May 2022, at 15:08 (UTC). Text ...
Reliable hole punching requires consistent endpoint translation, and for multiple levels of NATs, hairpin translation. When an outbound connection from a private endpoint passes through a firewall, it receives a public endpoint (public IP address and port number), and the firewall translates traffic between them.