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The history of glass-making dates back to at least 3,600 years ago in Mesopotamia. However, most writers claim that they may have been producing copies of glass objects from Egypt. [1] Other archaeological evidence suggests that the first true glass was made in coastal north Syria, Mesopotamia or Egypt. [2]
It is generally agreed that glass beads were present in Sub-Saharan Africa by at least 300 AD, some having been imported from the Middle East and South East Asian regions. [1] Transported by sea, shipments arrived to coastal ports such as Mtwapa and Ungwana in Kenya and were then distributed inland via local trade networks and kinship relations ...
Libyan desert glass or Great Sand Sea glass is an impactite, made mostly of lechatelierite, [1] found in areas in the eastern Sahara, in the deserts of eastern Libya and western Egypt. Fragments of desert glass can be found over areas of tens of square kilometers. Like obsidian, it was knapped and used to make tools during the Pleistocene. [2]
Float glass is a sheet of glass made by floating molten glass on a bed of molten metal of a low melting point, typically tin, [1] although lead was used for the process in the past. [2] This method gives the sheet uniform thickness and a very flat surface. [ 3 ]
Glass container manufacture in the developed world is a mature market business. World demand for flat glass was approximately 52 million tonnes in 2009. [9] The United States, Europe and China account for 75% of demand, with China's consumption having increased from 20% in the early 1990s to 50%. [9]
Through LA-ICP-MS analysis, however, Carter found that Cambodia had a large amount of glass beads made of potash glass and predominantly high alumina soda glass. Potash glass is a glass that uses potash or K 2 O as a flux in order to decrease the melting point of the glass and is the most common type of glass found in SE Asia. [22]
Plate glass is often used in windows. Fragment of a Roman window glass plate dated to 1st to 4th century CE. Plate glass, flat glass or sheet glass is a type of glass, initially produced in plane form, commonly used for windows, glass doors, transparent walls, and windscreens. For modern architectural and automotive applications, the flat glass ...
If the design is located on the piece, it is authentic sea glass, since artificial glass will typically not have that particular design. [11] Sea glass usually comes from broken glass bottles or other household items, so pieces found on beaches will not be perfectly shaped, unlike artificial sea glass, often sold as beach glass.