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The olecranon is situated at the proximal end of the ulna, one of the two bones in the forearm. [1] When the hand faces forward the olecranon faces towards the back (posteriorly). It is bent forward at the summit so as to present a prominent lip which is received into the olecranon fossa of the humerus during extension of the forearm. [2] [3]
People with olecranon fractures present with intense elbow pain after a direct blow or fall. [1] Swelling over the bone site is seen and an inability to straighten the elbow is common. Due to the proximity of the olecranon to the ulnar nerve, the injury and swelling may cause numbness and tingling at the fourth and fifth fingers. [1]
The olecranon fossa is a deep triangular depression on the posterior side of the humerus, superior to the trochlea. It provides space for the olecranon of the ulna during extension of the forearm .
Extension is limited by the olecranon reaching the olecranon fossa, tension in the anterior ligament, and resistance in flexor muscles. Forced extension results in a rupture in one of the limiting structures: olecranon fracture, torn capsule and ligaments, and, though the muscles are normally left unaffected, a bruised brachial artery. [12]
Olecranon bursitis is a condition characterized by swelling, redness, and pain at the tip of the elbow. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] If the underlying cause is due to an infection , fever may be present. [ 2 ] The condition is relatively common and is one of the most frequent types of bursitis .
Its role in elbow extension is trivial in humans. It assists in extension of the elbow, where the triceps brachii is the principal agonist, and supports the elbow in full extension. [7] It also prevents the elbow joint capsule being pinched in the olecranon fossa during extension of the elbow. Anconeus also abducts the ulna and stabilizes the ...
[1] [5] It causes pain and tenderness over the bony part of the lateral epicondyle. Symptoms range from mild tenderness to severe, persistent pain. [1] [6] [7] The pain may also extend into the back of the forearm. [3] It usually has a gradual onset, but it can seem sudden and be misinterpreted as an injury. [8] [3] [9] Tennis elbow is often ...
Extension type of supracondylar humerus fractures typically result from a fall on to an outstretched hand, usually leading to a forced hyperextension of the elbow. The olecranon acts as a fulcrum which focuses the stress on distal humerus (supracondylar area), predisposing the distal humerus to fracture. The supracondylar area undergoes ...