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Levetiracetam, sold under the brand name Keppra among others, is a novel antiepileptic drug [7] used to treat epilepsy. [8] It is used for partial-onset , myoclonic , or tonic–clonic seizures, [ 7 ] and is taken either by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein .
"Potentiates digitalis activity, increases coronary dilation effects of theophylline, caffeine, papaverine, sodium nitrate, adenosine and epinephrine, increase barbiturate-induced sleeping times" [3] Horse chestnut: conker tree, conker Aesculus hippocastanum: Liver toxicity, allergic reaction, anaphylaxis [3] Kava: awa, kava-kava [4] Piper ...
Common side effects of valproate include nausea, vomiting, somnolence, and dry mouth. [7] Serious side effects can include liver failure, and regular monitoring of liver function tests is therefore recommended. [7] Other serious risks include pancreatitis and an increased suicide risk. [7]
A study by Wolbold et al. (2003) found that the median CYP3A4 levels measured from surgically removed liver samples of a random sample of women exceeded CYP3A4 levels in the livers of men by 129%. CYP3A4 mRNA transcripts were found in similar proportions, suggesting a pre-translational mechanism for the up-regulation of CYP3A4 in women.
His trial on a few epilepsy patients in 1921 was the first use of the ketogenic diet as a treatment for epilepsy. [ 10 ] Wilder's colleague, paediatrician Mynie Gustav Peterman , later formulated the classic diet, with a ratio of one gram of protein per kilogram of body weight in children, 10–15 g of carbohydrate per day, and the remainder of ...
Catamenial epilepsy is a form of epilepsy in women where seizures are exacerbated during certain phases of the menstrual cycle. In rare cases, seizures occur only during certain parts of the cycle; in most cases, seizures occur more frequently (but not exclusively) during certain parts of the cycle.
The location of the inhibition occurs in the lining of the intestines, not within the liver. [30] The effects last because grapefruit-mediated inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes, like CYP3A4, is irreversible; [30] that is, once the grapefruit has "broken" the enzyme, the intestinal cells must produce more of the enzyme to restore their ...
Seletracetam (UCB 44212) is a pyrrolidone-derived [2] drug of the racetam family that is structurally related to levetiracetam (trade name Keppra). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It was under development by UCB Pharmaceuticals as a more potent and effective anticonvulsant drug to replace levetiracetam but its development has been halted.