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Three Judges Cases: 1981 S.P. Gupta v. Union of India [37] Established the Collegium system of the Indian Judicial System. 1993 Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v. Union of India [38] Struck down the 99th Amendment of the Constitution of India and the proposal of the National Judicial Appointments Commission. 1998 In re Special ...
Ajay Hasia v Khalid Mujib, (1981) 1 SCC 722, was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of India in which the Court laid down a test to determine whether an individual, corporation, or society was an instrumentality or agency of the government, and therefore whether it could be considered a State for the purposes of Article 12 of the Constitution of India. [1]
Raj Narain, a Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court used the basic structure doctrine to strike down the 39th amendment. The 39th Amendment was passed in 1975, during The Emergency and placed the election of the President, the Vice President, the Prime Minister and the Speaker of the Lok Sabha beyond the scrutiny of the Indian courts.
Case Ruling Notes State of Madras v. Champakam Dorairajan AIR 1951 SC 226 [1] [2] [3] Court ruled that caste-bass per Communal Award violate Article 15(1) of the constitution. Led to the introduction of the First Amendment of the constitution, which invalidated the judgment. M. R. Balaji v. State of Mysore AIR 1963 SC 649 [4]
The G.O had provided caste-based reservation in government jobs and college seats. The Supreme Court's verdict held that providing such reservations violated Article 29 (2) of the Indian Constitution. [2] Here, the court held that Directive Principles of State Policy must conform to and run as subsidiary to the Chapter of Fundamental Rights.
The Preamble of the Constitution of India – India declaring itself as a country. The Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties are sections of the Constitution of India that prescribe the fundamental obligations of the states to its citizens and the duties and the rights of the citizens to the State. These sections are considered vital elements of the ...
The Court said that although the right to education had not been guaranteed as a fundamental right under Part III of the Constitution, Articles 21 (in Part III of the Constitution of India), Article 38, 39(a), (f), 41 and 45 (in Part IV of the Constitution of India) together clear showed that the framers of the Constitution had made it ...
Under the Indian constitution, the High Courts of the States are directly constituted by the national constitution. The constitution also allows states to set up lower courts under and controlled by the state's High Court. [114] [115] Cases heard at or appealed to the High Courts can be furter appealed to the Supreme Court of India in some ...