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  2. Irrationality measure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrationality_measure

    Rational numbers have irrationality exponent 1, while (as a consequence of Dirichlet's approximation theorem) every irrational number has irrationality exponent at least 2. On the other hand, an application of Borel-Cantelli lemma shows that almost all numbers, including all algebraic irrational numbers , have an irrationality exponent exactly ...

  3. Irrational number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrational_number

    However, there is a second definition of an irrational number used in constructive mathematics, that a real number is an irrational number if it is apart from every rational number, or equivalently, if the distance | | between and every rational number is positive. This definition is stronger than the traditional definition of an irrational number.

  4. Arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic

    Rational number arithmetic involves operations on fractions of integers. Real number arithmetic is about calculations with real numbers, which include both rational and irrational numbers. Another distinction is based on the numeral system employed to perform calculations. Decimal arithmetic is the most common.

  5. Rational number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_number

    In mathematics, "rational" is often used as a noun abbreviating "rational number". The adjective rational sometimes means that the coefficients are rational numbers. For example, a rational point is a point with rational coordinates (i.e., a point whose coordinates are rational numbers); a rational matrix is a matrix of rational numbers; a rational polynomial may be a polynomial with rational ...

  6. Algebraic number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_number

    For example, all rational numbers have degree 1, and an algebraic number of degree 2 is a quadratic irrational. The algebraic numbers are dense in the reals . This follows from the fact they contain the rational numbers, which are dense in the reals themselves.

  7. Methods of computing square roots - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing...

    A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...

  8. Square root of 2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root_of_2

    This application also invokes the integer root theorem, a stronger version of the rational root theorem for the case when () is a monic polynomial with integer coefficients; for such a polynomial, all roots are necessarily integers (which is not, as 2 is not a perfect square) or irrational. The rational root theorem (or integer root theorem ...

  9. Transcendental number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_number

    Hence, the set of real numbers consists of non-overlapping sets of rational, algebraic irrational, and transcendental real numbers. [3] For example, the square root of 2 is an irrational number, but it is not a transcendental number as it is a root of the polynomial equation x 2 − 2 = 0.