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2. Rock (geology) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)

   The proportion of silica in rocks and minerals is a major factor in determining their names and properties. [7] Rock outcrop along a mountain creek near Orosí, Costa Rica. Rocks are classified according to characteristics such as mineral and chemical composition, permeability, texture of the constituent particles, and particle size.

3. Mineral - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral

   In rocks, some mineral species and groups are much more abundant than others; these are termed the rock-forming minerals. The major examples of these are quartz, the feldspars , the micas , the amphiboles , the pyroxenes , the olivines , and calcite; except for the last one, all of these minerals are silicates. [ 39 ]

4. List of rock types - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rock_types

   The following is a list of rock types recognized by geologists.There is no agreed number of specific types of rock. Any unique combination of chemical composition, mineralogy, grain size, texture, or other distinguishing characteristics can describe a rock type.

5. List of minerals - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minerals

   This is a list of minerals which have Wikipedia articles. ... Rock crystal (quartz) Rose quartz (pink variety of quartz) Roumanite (amber) Ruby (red gem corundum) S

6. Sedimentary rock - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock

   Uluru (Ayers Rock) is a large sandstone formation in Northern Territory, Australia.. Sedimentary rocks can be subdivided into four groups based on the processes responsible for their formation: clastic sedimentary rocks, biochemical (biogenic) sedimentary rocks, chemical sedimentary rocks, and a fourth category for "other" sedimentary rocks formed by impacts, volcanism, and other minor processes.

7. Glossary of geology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geology

   Also called Indianite. A mineral from the lime-rich end of the plagioclase group of minerals. Anorthites are usually silicates of calcium and aluminium occurring in some basic igneous rocks, typically those produced by the contact metamorphism of impure calcareous sediments. anticline An arched fold in which the layers usually dip away from the fold axis. Contrast syncline. aphanic Having the ...

8. Primary mineral - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_mineral

   Minerals in soils are found in two types; primary and secondary. [5] "A primary mineral has not been altered chemically since its crystallization from a cooling magma." [5] Additionally, a primary mineral is defined as a mineral that is found in soil but not formed in soil, whereas secondary minerals are formed during weathering of

9. Lithology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithology

   Igneous rocks are formed directly from magma, which is a mixture of molten rock, dissolved gases, and solid crystals. Sedimentary rock is formed from mineral or organic particles that collect at the Earth's surface and become lithified. Metamorphic rock forms by recrystallization of existing solid rock under conditions of great heat or pressure ...