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In mathematics, and in particular linear algebra, the Moore–Penrose inverse + of a matrix , often called the pseudoinverse, is the most widely known generalization of the inverse matrix. [1] It was independently described by E. H. Moore in 1920, [2] Arne Bjerhammar in 1951, [3] and Roger Penrose in 1955. [4]
The glyph of the up tack appears as an upside-down tee symbol, and as such is sometimes called eet (the word "tee" in reverse). [citation needed] Tee plays a complementary or dual role in many of these theories. The similar-looking perpendicular symbol ( , \perp in LaTeX, U+27C2 in Unicode) is a binary relation symbol used to represent:
Instead of ([] []), we need to calculate directly or indirectly [citation needed] [original research? (), (), (), ().In a dense and small system, we can use singular value decomposition, QR decomposition, or Cholesky decomposition to replace the matrix inversions with numerical routines.
The symbol was introduced originally in 1770 by Nicolas de Condorcet, who used it for a partial differential, and adopted for the partial derivative by Adrien-Marie Legendre in 1786. [3] It represents a specialized cursive type of the letter d , just as the integral sign originates as a specialized type of a long s (first used in print by ...
This page was last edited on 20 August 2008, at 19:14 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may ...
The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics. Additionally, the subsequent columns contains an informal explanation, a short example, the Unicode location, the name for use in HTML documents, [1] and the LaTeX symbol.
A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various types, many symbols are needed for ...
The adjoint and transpose of a pseudo-differential operator is a pseudo-differential operator. If a differential operator of order m is (uniformly) elliptic (of order m) and invertible, then its inverse is a pseudo-differential operator of order −m, and its symbol can be calculated. This means that one can solve linear elliptic differential ...