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A k-clique-sum is a clique-sum in which both cliques have exactly (or sometimes, at most) k vertices. One may also form clique-sums and k-clique-sums of more than two graphs, by repeated application of the clique-sum operation. Different sources disagree on which edges should be removed as part of a clique-sum operation.
The sum of the reciprocals of the Proth primes, of which there may be finitely many or infinitely many, is known to be finite, approximately 0.747392479. [2] The prime quadruplets are pairs of twin primes with only one odd number between them. The sum of the reciprocals of the numbers in prime quadruplets is approximately 0.8706.
In mathematics, like terms are summands in a sum that differ only by a numerical factor. [1] Like terms can be regrouped by adding their coefficients. Typically, in a polynomial expression , like terms are those that contain the same variables to the same powers , possibly with different coefficients .
The total degree is the sum of the degrees of all vertices; by the handshaking lemma it is an even number. The degree sequence is the collection of degrees of all vertices, in sorted order from largest to smallest. In a directed graph, one may distinguish the in-degree (number of incoming edges) and out-degree (number of outgoing edges). [2] 2.
A wedge sum of two circles. In topology, the wedge sum is a "one-point union" of a family of topological spaces.Specifically, if X and Y are pointed spaces (i.e. topological spaces with distinguished basepoints and ) the wedge sum of X and Y is the quotient space of the disjoint union of X and Y by the identification : = /,
They then find a special preorder numbering of the nodes in the tree, and use certain patterns in this numbering to identify pairs of vertices that can separate the graph into smaller components. When a component is found in this way, a stack data structure is used to identify the edges that should be part of the new component.
Triangle diagram of a critical pair obtained from two rewrite rules s → t (upper row, left) and l→r (right). The substitution σ unifies the subterm s| p with l. The resulting overlay term sσ[lσ] p (lower row, middle) can be rewritten to the term tσ and sσ[rσ'] p (lower row, left and right), respectively. The latter two terms form the ...
The odd friend may be less than the even one, as in 84729645 and 155315394 (abundancy of 896/351), or in 6517665, 14705145 and 2746713837618 (abundancy of 64/27). A square number can be friendly, for instance both 693479556 (the square of 26334) and 8640 have abundancy 127/36 (this example is credited to Dean Hickerson).