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Social emotional development represents a specific domain of child development. It is a gradual, integrative process through which children acquire the capacity to understand, experience, express, and manage emotions and to develop meaningful relationships with others. [ 1 ]
Child development involves the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the conclusion of adolescence. It is—particularly from birth to five years— a foundation for a prosperous and sustainable society .
Holistic development sees the child in the round, as a whole person – physically, emotionally, intellectually, socially, morally, culturally and spiritually. Learning about child development involves studying patterns of growth and development, from which guidelines for 'normal' development are construed.
Parenting roles in child development have typically focused on the role of the mother. Recent literature, however, has looked toward the father as having an important role in child development. Affirming a role for fathers, studies have shown that children as young as 15 months benefit significantly from substantial engagement with their father.
Emotional development is a lifelong process and these skills develop at an early age. [27] In the early years, children develop basic emotions such as joy, fear, sadness, anger, interest and surprise. [28] The relationship with the primary caregivers plays a crucial role in the emotional development of young children.
As the child learns to trust the world around them, they also acquire the virtue of hope. [11] Should parents fail to provide a secure environment and to meet the child's basic needs; a sense of mistrust will result. [20] Development of mistrust can later lead to feelings of frustration, suspicion, withdrawal, and a lack of confidence. [18]
Childhood attachment can define characteristics that will shape the child's sense of self, their forms of emotion-regulation, and how they carry out relationships with others. [4] Attachment is found in all mammals to some degree, especially primates. Attachment theory has led to a new understanding of child development.
Extrinsic emotion regulation remains important to emotional development in toddlerhood. Toddlers can learn ways from their caregivers to control their emotions and behaviors. [ 78 ] For example, caregivers help teach self-regulation methods by distracting children from unpleasant events (like a vaccination shot) or helping them understand ...