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Ectrodactyly, split hand, or cleft hand [1] (from Ancient Greek ἔκτρωμα (ektroma) 'miscarriage' and δάκτυλος (daktylos) 'finger') [2] involves the deficiency or absence of one or more central digits of the hand or foot and is also known as split hand/split foot malformation (SHFM). [3]
Arachnodactyly ("spider fingers") is a medical condition that is characterized by fingers and toes that are abnormally long and slender, in comparison to the palm of the hand and arch of the foot. In some cases, the thumbs of an individual with the condition are pulled inwards towards the palm.
Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA), also known as Beals–Hecht syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant congenital connective tissue disorder. [1] As with Marfan syndrome, people with CCA typically have an arm span that is greater than their height and very long fingers and toes. [2]
Polydactyly is a birth defect that results in extra fingers or toes. [2] The hands are more commonly involved than the feet. [2] Extra fingers may be painful, affect self-esteem, or result in clumsiness. [3] It is associated with at least 39 genetic mutations. [4] It may either present alone or with other defects. [2] Cases may run in families. [2]
Preaxial polysyndactyly, in which the duplicated digit is on the side of the thumb or big toe, is less common. [3] Crossed polysyndactyly, in which polysyndactyly is present on the hand and foot, and is preaxial on one and postaxial on the other, is extremely rare and often occurs with other genetic disorders.
In biology, dactyly is the arrangement of digits (fingers and toes) on the hands, feet, or sometimes wings of a tetrapod animal. The term is derived from the Greek word δακτυλος (dáktylos) meaning "finger." Sometimes the suffix "-dactylia" is used. The derived adjectives end with "-dactyl" or "-dactylous."
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Webbing between the second and third finger and between the second and third toes [2] Short fingers and toes (brachydactyly) [4] Broad thumb and/or a broad hallux (big toe) with a valgus deformity (outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone/joint) [6] Hands have a single palmar flexion crease [3]