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In mycology, a stipe (/ s t aɪ p /) is the stem or stalk-like feature supporting the cap of a mushroom. Like all tissues of the mushroom other than the hymenium, the stipe is composed of sterile hyphal tissue. In many instances, however, the fertile hymenium extends down the stipe some distance. Fungi that have stipes are said to be stipitate. [1]
In orchids, the stipe or caudicle is the stalk-like support of the pollinia. It is a non-viscid band or strap connecting the pollinia with the viscidium (the viscid part of the rostellum or beak). A stipe is also a structure found in organisms that are studied by botanists but that are no longer classified as plants.
An annulus is the ring-like or collar-like structure sometimes found on the stipe of some species of mushrooms. The annulus represents the remnants of the partial veil, after it has ruptured to expose the gills or other spore-producing surface. It can also be called a ring which is what the Latin word annulus directly translates as. [1]
Presence of large spherical cells, 'sphaerocysts', in the stipe is an important characteristic feature to distinguish the members of Russulaceae from other mushrooms. In Russula, the stipe breaks like the flesh of an apple, while in most other families it only breaks into fibres. [13] The spore powder varies from white to cream, or even orange.
The stipe is 4–7 cm (1 + 5 ⁄ 8 – 2 + 3 ⁄ 4 in) high and 1–1.5 cm (3 ⁄ 8 – 5 ⁄ 8 in) thick and slightly swollen at the base, and is whitish with a whitish ring, which is initially attached to the cap. [16] Also known as a partial veil, this is a key identifying feature of the mushroom. [17]
The parts of a kelp thallus include the holdfast (anchor), stipe (supports the blades) and the blades (for photosynthesis). [2] The thallus of a fungus is usually called a mycelium. The term thallus is also commonly used to refer to the vegetative body of a lichen. In seaweed, thallus is sometimes also called 'frond'.
A. M. Young's A Field Guide to the Fungi of Australia mentions Lactifluus clarkeae as a food for the land mullet, [15] an Australian skink known to eat fungi. [16] Fruit-bodies seen in Greens Bush show evidence of fungivory by local fauna, including slugs and probably swamp wallaby or eastern grey kangaroo.
The firm, white stipe is short and stout, measuring 2–6 cm (1–2.5 in) high and 2–4 cm (1–1.5 in) wide. The gills are decurrent , and are quite closely spaced initially. The spore print is creamy white, and the warty oval spores measure 8–12 x 7–9 μm .