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According to a hadith attributed to ibn Abbas, God created four types of intelligent beings; those among whom all will be in paradise - they are the angels; all those who will be in hell-fire - they are the devils; and creatures both in paradise and hell - they are the jinn and humans. [1]
(The verse expresses a different point of view—that acts are not predetermined, but their outcome is—than the later theological position that God knows/determines everything that happens.) [18] The Qurʾān also speaks specifically of the supply of rizq, or provision being in God control:
Opponents of predestination in early Islam, (al-Qadariyah, Muʿtazila) argued that if God has already determined everything that will happen, God's human creation cannot really have free will over decisions to do good or evil, or control of whether they suffer eternal torment in Jahannam—which is something that (the opponents believe) a just ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 1 January 2025. Part of a series on Islam Allah (God in Islam) Allah Jalla Jalālah in Arabic calligraphy Theology Allah Names Attributes Phrases and expressions Islam (religion) Throne of God Sufi metaphysics Theology Schools of Islamic theology Oneness Kalam Anthropomorphism and corporealism ...
Two forms of theological determinism exist, here referenced as strong and weak theological determinism. [1]Strong theological determinism is based on the concept of a creator deity dictating all events in history: "everything that happens has been predestined to happen by an omniscient, omnipotent divinity".
Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God [1] and that Muhammad is His last Messenger. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Islam.
An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-03531-5. Levy, Reuben (1957). The Social Structure of Islam. UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-09182-4. Muhammad Husayn Tabatabaei (2002). Islamic teachings: An Overview and a Glance at the Life of the Holy Prophet of ...
According to Baháʼí scholar ‘Abdu’l-Hamíd Ishráq-Khávari, Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī adopted the Persian poetic pen name "Bahāʾ" after being inspired by the words of the fifth Twelver Imam, Muhammad al-Baqir, and the sixth Imam, Ja'far al-Sadiq, who stated that the greatest name of God was included in either the Duʿāʾu l ...