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The uterosacral ligaments (or rectouterine ligaments [1]) are major ligaments of uterus that extend posterior-ward from the cervix to attach onto the (anterior aspect of the [2]) sacrum. [ 3 ] Structure
The uterosacral ligaments are especially important in providing support to the uterus by attaching and holding the uterus, cervix, and upper vagina to the sacrum. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Schematic of the female reproductive system with a frontal view. 43 depicts the pelvic floor muscles that support the uterus in the pelvic cavity.
Pelvic floor dysfunction is a term used for a variety of disorders that occur when pelvic floor muscles and ligaments are impaired. The condition affects up to 50 percent of women who have given birth. [2] Although this condition predominantly affects women, up to 16 percent of men are affected as well. [3]
The uterus is held in position within the pelvis by ligaments, which are part of the endopelvic fascia. These ligaments include the pubocervical ligaments, the cardinal ligaments, and the uterosacral ligaments. It is covered by a sheet-like fold of peritoneum, the broad ligament. [5]
The pelvic floor includes muscles, both skeletal and smooth, ligaments and fascia. [ 3 ] and separates between the pelvic cavity from above, and the perineum from below. [ citation needed ] It is formed by the levator ani muscle and coccygeus muscle , and associated connective tissue .
Rarely, fibroids are found in the supporting structures (round ligament, broad ligament, or uterosacral ligament) of the uterus that also contain smooth muscle tissue. Since 2011 the FIGO published their consensus paper on the classification of fibroids, namely from 0 to 8.
The vaginal support structures are those muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, membranes and fascia, of the pelvic floor that maintain the position of the vagina within the pelvic cavity and allow the normal functioning of the vagina and other reproductive structures in the female.
The uterus contains three suspensory ligaments that help stabilize the position of the uterus and limits its range of movement. The uterosacral ligaments keep the body from moving inferiorly and anteriorly. The round ligaments restrict posterior movement of the uterus. The cardinal ligaments also prevent the inferior movement of the uterus.
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