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The sinoatrial node (SA node) is the primary pacemaker of the heart. It is a region of cardiac muscle on the wall of the upper right atrium near to the superior vena cava entrance. The cells that make up the SA node are specialized cardiomyocytes known as pacemaker cells that can spontaneously generate cardiac action potentials.
Development of the artificial cardiac pacemaker and cardiac defibrillator Paul Maurice Zoll (July 15, 1911 – January 5, 1999) [ 1 ] was a Jewish [ 2 ] American cardiologist and one of the pioneers in the development of the artificial cardiac pacemaker and cardiac defibrillator .
The primary purpose of a pacemaker is to maintain an even heart rate, either because the heart's natural cardiac pacemaker provides an inadequate or irregular heartbeat, or because there is a block in the heart's electrical conduction system. Modern pacemakers are externally programmable and allow a cardiologist to select the optimal pacing ...
Otis Boykin was born on August 29, 1920, in Dallas, Texas. [2] [3] His father, Walter B. Boykin, was a carpenter, and later became a preacher.His mother, Sarah, was a maid, who died of heart failure when Otis was a year old.
Albert Salisbury Hyman (1893 - 1972), a Harvard-trained New York cardiologist, together with his brother Charles, constructed in 1930-1932 an electromechanical device which was one of the earliest artificial pacemakers. The device was reportedly tested on experiment animals and at least one human patient.
Rune Elmqvist (1 December 1906 – 15 December 1996) was a Swedish physician turned engineer who developed the first implantable pacemaker in 1958, working under the direction of Åke Senning, senior physician and cardiac surgeon at the Karolinska University Hospital in Solna, Sweden.
At Beth Israel, Parsonnet served as Chief of Surgery at Beth Israel, Medical director of the Pacemaker and Defibrillator Evaluation Center and director of Surgical Research. [1] Parsonnet, helped co-found the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. [6] He has authored over 600 articles and 5 books. [1] He also held five patents. [1]
Jorge Reynolds Pombo is an electrical and bio- engineer born in Bogotá, Colombia on June 22, 1936. He is known for contributing to the invention of the pacemaker, being one of the first doctors in Latin America to make a significant contribution to the medical field.