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Torticollis is a fixed or dynamic tilt, rotation, with flexion or extension of the head and/or neck. The type of torticollis can be described depending on the positions of the head and neck. [1] [3] [4] laterocollis: the head is tipped toward the shoulder; rotational torticollis: the head rotates along the longitudinal axis towards the shoulder [5]
To further classify spasmodic torticollis, one can note the position of the head. Torticollis is the horizontal turning (rotational collis) of the head, and uses the ipsilateral splenius, and contralateral sternocleidomastoid muscles. This is the "chin-to-shoulder" version. Laterocollis is the tilting of the head from side to side.
Exercise increases blood flow to the muscles affected which enhances blood flow. Regular exercise is a crucial part of the healing stages of adhesive capsulitis. Specific exercises are highlighted to enhance recovery. Another useful tool can be anti-inflammatory medications. These provide temporary relief which aid in exercise exertion.
Individual demonstrates lack of finger contractures, thus lack of Bethlem sign, by being able to make full contact of palms and fingers with elbows raised. Bethlem myopathy is a slowly progressive muscle disease characterized predominantly by contractures, rigidity of the spine, skin abnormalities and proximal muscle weakness.
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Exercise plus joint manipulation has been found to be beneficial in both acute and chronic mechanical neck disorders. [9] In particular, specific strengthening exercise may improve function and pain. [10] Motor control using cranio-cervical flexion exercises has been shown to be effective for non-specific chronic neck pain. [11]
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Contraction of the muscle gives rise to a condition called torticollis or wry neck, and this can have a number of causes. Torticollis gives the appearance of a tilted head on the side involved. Treatment involves physiotherapy exercises to stretch the involved muscle and strengthen the muscle on the opposite side of the neck.