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The streets in London were dark and had a shortage of good quality artificial light. [1] It had been recognized for centuries that the coming of darkness to the unlit streets of a town brought a heightened threat of danger, and that the night provided cover to the disorderly and immoral, and to those bent on robbery or burglary or who in other ways threatened physical harm to people in the ...
A parish constable, also known as a petty constable, was a law enforcement officer, usually unpaid and part-time, serving a parish.The position evolved from the ancient chief pledge of a tithing and takes its name from the office of constable with which it was originally unconnected.
General Sir Richard Dannatt, dressed in the formal attire of the Constable of the Tower, speaking at the Ceremony of the Constable's Dues, June 2010. Historically, the title comes from the Latin comes stabuli (attendant to the stables, literally 'count of the stable') and originated from the Roman Empire; originally, the constable was the officer responsible for keeping the horses of a lord or ...
During medieval times, punishment of felons was sometimes exercised by such secret societies as the courts of the Vehm [6] (cf. the medieval Sardinian Gamurra later become Barracelli, the Sicilian Vendicatori and the Beati Paoli), a type of early vigilante organization, which became extremely powerful in Westphalian Germany during the 15th century.
The history of law enforcement in the United Kingdom charts the development of law enforcement in the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It spans the period from the Middle Ages , through to the development of the first modern police force in the world in the nineteenth century, and the subsequent modernisation of policing in the ...
1. Local and State Law Enforcement: Prior to the late 19th century, law enforcement in the United States was primarily the responsibility of local and state governments. Policing and criminal justice functions were carried out by various local constabularies, sheriffs, and state-level agencies.
Bailiff was the term used by the Normans for what the Saxons had called a reeve: the officer responsible for executing the decisions of a court.The duty of the bailiff would thus include serving summonses and orders, and executing all warrants issued out of the corresponding court.
So the landless man was compelled by law to submit to a manorial lord, who was held responsible for the behaviour of all his "men"; his estate became, so to speak, a private frith-borh, consisting of dependents instead of the freemen of the public frith-borhs. These two systems, with many variations, existed side by side; but there was a ...