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Spinal precautions, also known as spinal immobilization and spinal motion restriction, are efforts to prevent movement of the bones of the spine in those with a risk of a spine injury. [1] This is done as an effort to prevent injury to the spinal cord [ 1 ] in unstable spinal fractures . [ 2 ]
A spinal board, [4] is a patient handling device used primarily in pre-hospital trauma care. It is designed to provide rigid support during movement of a person with suspected spinal or limb injuries. [5] They are most commonly used by ambulance staff, as well as lifeguards and ski patrollers.
Halo-gravity traction (HGT) is a type of traction device utilized to treat spinal deformities such as scoliosis, [1] [2] congenital spine deformities, cervical instability, basilar invagination, and kyphosis. [3] It is used prior to surgical treatment to reduce the difficulty of the following surgery and the need for a more dangerous surgery.
A Stokes basket as used by a fire department, with a vacuum bag to restrain the person in the litter World War I stretcher in use. A litter is a stretcher designed to be used where there are physical obstacles that impair movement, including other hazards such as, in confined spaces, on slopes or uneven terrain, or in densely forested areas.
Spinal immobilization is necessary if there is a likelihood of head or spinal injury. [2] Once the patient is ready to be moved, the first step is the casualty lifting, to put him/her on a stretcher or litter (rescue basket). The final step is the patient transfer from the stretcher to the hospital bed.
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A scoop stretcher. Note that the stretcher is upside down: the narrow end of the stretcher is for the patient's legs and feet. Top: positioning the scoop stretcher; middle: casualty lifting with five team members (one is pushing the normal stretcher); bottom: view from below)
The use of a scoop stretcher allows a secure lifting with only two team members even in case of a spinal trauma. The use of this device is thus recommended for most operations. However, in many situations, there is a lack not of people but of devices.