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[8] Until the beginning of the eighteenth century, Laqueur claims, the one-sex model dominated medical and philosophical literature and there was a web of knowledge to support it. Laqueur uses examples from ancient thinkers to help support his claim to the dominance of the one-sex model prior to the eighteenth century.
Following his earlier liberal education, Galen at age 16 began his studies at the prestigious local healing temple or asclepeion as a θεραπευτής (therapeutes, or attendant) for four years. There he came under the influence of men like Aeschrion of Pergamon, Stratonicus and Satyrus. Asclepiea functioned as spas or sanitoria to which ...
Claudius Galen Guesses At It. Perhaps the most famous doctor to come out of the Roman empire, Claudius Galen acknowledges the clitoris and theorizes that “all the parts, then, that men have, women have too, the difference between them lying in only one thing, namely, that in women the parts are within, whereas in men they are outside.”
Throughout his polemic, Galen draws heavily on the Stoic philosopher Posidonius (1st-century BCE) who wrote his own On Passions as a commentary on Chrysippus. Galen claims Posidonius accepted an irrational part of the soul, [ 25 ] although Posidonius may have held a more Stoic position than Galen admits to. [ 26 ]
Book of Antidotes of Pseudo-Galen (Kitāb al-Diryāq). [6] "In the paintings the facial cast of these [ruling] Turks is obviously reflected, and so are the special fashions and accoutrements they favored". [7] [8] This copy, from the second quarter of the 13th century, is thought to have been produced in Mosul. [1]
It was Galen that added to the theory of the four humors and made it much more fleshed out in his commentary of On the Nature of Man that made the theory of the four humors so prominent and well known and On the Nature Man that started all of these ideas and medical theories. [3]
Galen combined his interpretation of the humors with his collection of ideas concerning nature from past philosophers in order to find conclusions about how the body works. For example, Galen maintained the idea of the presence of the Platonic tripartite soul, which consisted of " thumos (spiritedness), epithumos (directed spiritedness, i.e ...
Galen, as opposed to other notable physicians, believed that menstruation was a necessary and healthy purgation. [6] Galen asserted that women are colder than men and unable to “cook” their nutrients; thus they must eliminate excess substance through menstruation.