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A sialogogue (also spelled sialagogue, ptysmagogue or ptyalagogue) is a substance, especially a medication, that increases the flow rate of saliva. [1] The definition focuses on substances that promote production or secretion of saliva (proximal causation) rather than any food that is mouthwatering (distal causation that triggers proximal causation).
It has also been defined as increased amount of saliva in the mouth, which may also be caused by decreased clearance of saliva. [4] Hypersalivation can contribute to drooling if there is an inability to keep the mouth closed or difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) the excess saliva, which can lead to excessive spitting.
It increases the production of saliva. [2] Side effects ... Pilocarpine — a similar parasympathomimetic medication for dry mouth ...
Saliva on a baby's lips. Saliva (commonly referred to as spit or drool) is an extracellular fluid produced and secreted by salivary glands in the mouth.In humans, saliva is around 99% water, plus electrolytes, mucus, white blood cells, epithelial cells (from which DNA can be extracted), enzymes (such as lipase and amylase), and antimicrobial agents (such as secretory IgA, and lysozymes).
[6] [9] As an activator of the sympathetic nervous system, nicotine can cause light-headedness or dizziness, headache, and increased saliva production. [9] Due to nicotine's vasoconstrictive effects in the skin and heart, nicotine gum transiently increases heart rate and blood pressure, and consequently myocardial work.
Artificial saliva is primarily used to relieve symptoms of xerostomia, known as dry mouth and hyposalivation, which is a condition that results in reduced saliva production. Various factors, including medication use, cancer therapy, and certain diseases, such as diabetes, stroke or Sjögren syndrome, can cause xerostomia. [1]
Over 400 medications are associated with xerostomia. [8] Although drug induced xerostomia is commonly reversible, the conditions for which these medications are prescribed are frequently chronic. [8] The likelihood of xerostomia increases in relation to the total number of medications taken, whether the individual medications are xerogenic or ...
In humans, 1,200 to 1,500 ml of saliva are produced every day. [3] The secretion of saliva (salivation) is mediated by parasympathetic stimulation; acetylcholine is the active neurotransmitter and binds to muscarinic receptors in the glands, leading to increased salivation. [3] [4]