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Tyrosine is semi-essential; therefore, it can be synthesized by the animal, but only from phenylalanine. Phenylketonuria, a genetic disorder that occurs as a result of the inability to breakdown phenylalanine, is due to a lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. A dietary lack of tryptophan can cause stunted skeletal development. [9]
Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (THBD, BH 4 D) is a rare metabolic disorder that increases the blood levels of phenylalanine.Phenylalanine is an amino acid obtained normally through the diet, but can be harmful if excess levels build up, causing intellectual disability and other serious health problems.
Phenylalanine ball and stick model spinning. Phenylalanine (symbol Phe or F) [3] is an essential α-amino acid with the formula C 9 H 11 NO 2.It can be viewed as a benzyl group substituted for the methyl group of alanine, or a phenyl group in place of a terminal hydrogen of alanine.
Maple syrup urine disease can be classified by its pattern of signs and symptoms or by its genetic cause. The most common and severe form of this disease is the classic type, which appears soon after birth, and as long as it remains untreated, gives rise to progressive and unremitting symptoms.
It occurs primarily in dogs and horses, but can also affect humans. In dogs it affects the gastrointestinal system and lymph nodes, and rarely the skin. [24] Mucormycosis is a collection of fungal and mold diseases in dogs including pythiosis, zygomycosis, and lagenidiosis that affect the gastrointestinal tract and skin. [6]
Phe—phenylalanine, Tyr—tyrosine, pHPP—p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, hga—homogentisate, maa—maleylacetoacetate, faa—fumarylacetoacetate. Enzymes: PAH—phenylalanine hydroxylase, TAT—tyrosine transaminase, HPD—4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, HGD—homogentisate oxidase, MAAI—maleylacetoacetate isomerase, FAH—fumarylacetoacetase.
Type II tyrosinemia is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme tyrosine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.5), encoded by the gene TAT.Tyrosine aminotransferase is the first in a series of five enzymes that converts tyrosine to smaller molecules, which are excreted by the kidneys or used in reactions that produce energy.
α-MePhe is a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, thereby preventing the transformation of tyrosine into L-DOPA, and results in depletion of the catecholamine neurotransmitters. [2] It is also an inhibitor of phenylalanine hydroxylase , and in conjunction with phenylalanine administration, induces hyperphenylalaninemia analogous to that in ...