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  2. Aromatic amino acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatic_amino_acid

    Tyrosine is semi-essential; therefore, it can be synthesized by the animal, but only from phenylalanine. Phenylketonuria, a genetic disorder that occurs as a result of the inability to breakdown phenylalanine, is due to a lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. A dietary lack of tryptophan can cause stunted skeletal development. [9]

  3. File:Inborn errors of metabolism of phenylalanine and ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Inborn_errors_of...

    Phe—phenylalanine, Tyr—tyrosine, pHPP—p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, hga—homogentisate, maa—maleylacetoacetate, faa—fumarylacetoacetate. Enzymes: PAH—phenylalanine hydroxylase, TAT—tyrosine transaminase, HPD—4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, HGD—homogentisate oxidase, MAAI—maleylacetoacetate isomerase, FAH—fumarylacetoacetase.

  4. Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydrobiopterin_deficiency

    Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (THBD, BH 4 D) is a rare metabolic disorder that increases the blood levels of phenylalanine.Phenylalanine is an amino acid obtained normally through the diet, but can be harmful if excess levels build up, causing intellectual disability and other serious health problems.

  5. Inborn errors of metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inborn_errors_of_metabolism

    Inborn errors of metabolism are often referred to as congenital metabolic diseases or inherited metabolic disorders. [2] Another term used to describe these disorders is "enzymopathies". This term was created following the study of biodynamic enzymology , a science based on the study of the enzymes and their products.

  6. Hawkinsinuria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawkinsinuria

    Hawkinsinuria is an autosomal dominant metabolic disorder affecting the metabolism of tyrosine. [1] [2] Normally, the breakdown of the amino acid tyrosine involves the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to homogentisate by 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. Complete deficiency of this enzyme would lead to tyrosinemia III. In rare cases ...

  7. Phenylalanine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalanine

    Phenylalanine is a precursor for tyrosine, the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), and the biological pigment melanin. It is encoded by the messenger RNA codons UUU and UUC. Phenylalanine is found naturally in the milk of mammals.

  8. 6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase deficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin...

    To understand how the absence of this enzyme affects the body, we must look at the BH 4 synthesis pathway. PTPS is an intermediate in this cycle and is needed to convert 7,8 - dihydroneopterin triphosphate to 6-Pyruvoyltetrahydryobiopterin. 6-Pyruvoyltetrahydryobiopterin is converted into BH 4 (Tetrahydrobiopterin), but since it stops at 6-Pyruvoyltetrahydrobiopterin no BH 4 is made. [6]

  9. Hyperphenylalaninemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperphenylalaninemia

    Hyperphenylalaninemia is a recessive hereditary metabolic disorder that is caused by the body's failure to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine as a result of the entire or partial absence of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. [3]