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Dyskinetic cerebral palsy (DCP) is a subtype of cerebral palsy (CP) and is characterized by impaired muscle tone regulation, coordination and movement control. Dystonia and choreoathetosis are the two most dominant movement disorders in patients with DCP.
Athetoid cerebral palsy, or dyskinetic cerebral palsy (sometimes abbreviated ADCP), is a type of cerebral palsy primarily associated with damage, like other forms of CP, to the basal ganglia in the form of lesions that occur during brain development due to bilirubin encephalopathy and hypoxic–ischemic brain injury. [1]
Mixed cerebral palsy has symptoms of dyskinetic, ataxic and spastic CP appearing simultaneously, each to varying degrees, and both with and without symptoms of each. Mixed CP is the most difficult to treat as it is extremely heterogeneous and sometimes unpredictable in its symptoms and development over the lifespan. [121] [122] [123] [124]
Late-onset dyskinesia, also known as tardive dyskinesia, occurs after long-term treatment with an antipsychotic drug such as haloperidol (Haldol) or amoxapine (Asendin). The symptoms include tremors and writhing movements of the body and limbs, and abnormal movements in the face, mouth, and tongue – including involuntary lip smacking, repetitive pouting of the lips, and tongue protrusions.
Huntington's disease, cerebral palsy, Tourette syndrome, dystonia [2] Prevention: Using lowest possible dose of neuroleptic medication [3] Treatment: Stopping neuroleptic medication if possible, switching to clozapine [1] Medication: Valbenazine, tetrabenazine, botulinum toxin [1] [4] Prognosis: Variable [1] Frequency: 20% (atypical antipsychotics)
Cerebral palsy's a term used to describe a wide range of issues that have to do with muscle movements that result from some trauma or injury to the brain during development. This video covers the three primary categories of cerebral palsy—spastic, dyskinetic, and ataxic.
Cerebral palsy is an umbrella term with several different subtypes, especially spastic; some of them (and the concepts directly involved with them) are grouped here. Still, no form of CP is to be confused with paralytic syndromes such as Quadriplegia or with nerve disorders that don't involve CP such as Tardive dyskinesia .
Secondary dystonia, however, is most commonly caused by dyskinetic cerebral palsy, due to hypoxic or ischemic injury to the basal ganglia, brainstem, cerebellum, and thalamus during the prenatal or infantile stages of development.