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White flour is made entirely from the endosperm or protein/starchy part of the grain, leaving behind the germ and the bran or fiber part. In addition to marketing the bran and germ as products in their own right, middlings include shorts (making up approximately 12% of the original grain, consisting of fractions of endosperm, bran, and germ with an average particle size of 500–900 microns ...
In France, the recommendation for the first nitrogen application on wheat is 6 weeks before Z30, with the second application on Z30. Wheat growth regulators are typically applied at Z30. Disease control is most critical in the stem extension and heading stage (Z31, Z32, Z35), in particular as soon as the flag leaf is out (Z37).
With the falling number test, so-called weather- or sprout-damaged wheat or rye, which adversely affects bread-making quality, could be detected at the grain silo intake within a few minutes. Sprouting, or pre-harvest germination, is caused by damp or rainy weather conditions during the final stage of maturation of the crop.
The following international wheat production statistics come from the Food and Agriculture Organization figures from FAOSTAT database, older from International Grains Council figures from the report "Grain Market Report". The quantities of wheat in the following table are in million metric tonnes. All countries with a typical production ...
Wheat milling yield is the percent of flour obtained from a given unit of whole wheat kernels (flour yield or flour extraction rate), averaging 70-75% in the United States [clarification needed]. Rice milling yield is the amount of polished white rice obtained from husked rough rice (yields of brown rice are higher). Rice milling rates for ...
Genetic analysis has shown that the original hexaploid wheats were the result of a cross between a tetraploid domesticated wheat, such as T. dicoccum or T. durum, and a wild goatgrass, such as Ae. tauschii. [8] Polyploidy is important to wheat classification for three reasons: Wheats within one ploidy level will be more closely related to each ...
Roots of intermediate wheatgrass, a perennial grain candidate compared to those of annual wheat (at left in each panel) A perennial grain is a grain crop that lives and remains productive for two or more years, rather than growing for only one season before harvest, like most grains and annual crops.
Common wheat was first domesticated in West Asia during the early Holocene, and spread from there to North Africa, Europe and East Asia in the prehistoric period. [citation needed] Naked wheats (including Triticum aestivum, T. durum, and T. turgidum) were found in Roman burial sites ranging from 100 BCE to 300 CE.