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Absolute continuity of measures is reflexive and transitive, but is not antisymmetric, so it is a preorder rather than a partial order. Instead, if μ ≪ ν {\displaystyle \mu \ll \nu } and ν ≪ μ , {\displaystyle \nu \ll \mu ,} the measures μ {\displaystyle \mu } and ν {\displaystyle \nu } are said to be equivalent .
A continuity equation is the mathematical way to express this kind of statement. For example, the continuity equation for electric charge states that the amount of electric charge in any volume of space can only change by the amount of electric current flowing into or out of that volume through its boundaries.
Moreover, the fact that the set of non-differentiability points for a monotone function is measure-zero implies that the rapid oscillations of Weierstrass' function are necessary to ensure that it is nowhere-differentiable. The Weierstrass function was one of the first fractals studied, although this term was not used until much later. The ...
Continuity and differentiability This function does not have a derivative at the marked point, as the function is not continuous there (specifically, it has a jump discontinuity ). The absolute value function is continuous but fails to be differentiable at x = 0 since the tangent slopes do not approach the same value from the left as they do ...
Explicitly including the definition of the limit of a function, we obtain a self-contained definition: Given a function : as above and an element of the domain , is said to be continuous at the point when the following holds: For any positive real number >, however small, there exists some positive real number > such that for all in the domain ...
Continuity in the Eulerian description is expressed by the spatial and temporal continuity and continuous differentiability of the flow velocity field. All physical quantities are defined this way at each instant of time, in the current configuration, as a function of the vector position x {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} } .
In calculus, the differential represents the principal part of the change in a function = with respect to changes in the independent variable. The differential is defined by = ′ (), where ′ is the derivative of f with respect to , and is an additional real variable (so that is a function of and ).
In complex analysis, complex-differentiability is defined using the same definition as single-variable real functions. This is allowed by the possibility of dividing complex numbers . So, a function f : C → C {\textstyle f:\mathbb {C} \to \mathbb {C} } is said to be differentiable at x = a {\textstyle x=a} when