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Iraqi Arabs are the largest ethnic group in Iraq, [2] followed by Iraqi Kurds, then Iraqi Turkmen as the third largest ethnic group in the country. [3] [4] Studies indicate that Mesopotamian Arabs, who make up the overwhelming majority of Iraq's population, are genetically distinct from other Arab populations in the Arabs of the Arabian ...
Under the Ba'athist regime, an estimated 1.2 million people were internally displaced as a result of factors that include the Iran–Iraq War and policies of forced displacement that were intended to quell resistance and consolidate the control of territory, particularly in the Kurdish northern and Shiite southern area.
Democracy in Iraq is a fledgling process, but Iraq achieved a more democratic approach than most surrounding countries. [1] [2] Iraq has a score of 3.51 of ten on the 2021 The Economist Democracy Index, which is considered authoritarian. Iraq scored 0.362 on the V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index in 2023, ranking 3rd in the Middle East and 115th ...
Despite numerous regime changes, Iraq has been hostile to Israel. It has participated in major Arab–Israeli wars in 1948, 1967 and 1973. Iran has also intervened since 2014, expanding through sectarian parties and Khomeinist militias. [108] The intervention traces its roots in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. [108]
The largest minority group in Iraq is the Kurds, with Turkmen following shortly after. Prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Assyrians constituted a sizeable population of 1.5 million, and belonged to various different churches such as the Assyrian Church of the East, Chaldean Catholic Church, and the Syriac Orthodox/Catholic Churches.
Between the parliamentary election in October 2021 and October 2022, there was a political crisis in Iraq, with members of the Council of Representatives of Iraq being unable to form a stable coalition government, or elect a new President. [5]
The new regime modernized the countryside and rural areas of Iraq, mechanizing agriculture and establishing farm cooperatives. [ 9 ] Saddam's organizational prowess was credited with Iraq's rapid pace of development in the 1970s; development went forward at such a fevered pitch that two million persons from other Arab countries and even ...
The regime emerged as a result of the 17 July 1968 Revolution which brought the Ba'athists to power, and lasted until the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq. From the period of Saddam Hussein's presidency in 1979 until the collapse of the Ba'athist period and subsequent de-Ba'athification in 2003, this period was known as the Saddam regime or Saddamist ...