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Rail subsidies vary in both size and how they are distributed, with some countries funding the infrastructure and others funding trains and their operators, while others have a mixture of both. Subsidies can be used for either investment in upgrades and new lines, or to keep lines running that create economic growth.
The Commission for Railway Regulation (CRR) (Irish: An Coimisiún um Rialáil Iarnróid, CRI), formerly the Railway Safety Commission (Irish: Coimisiún Sábháilteachta Iarnróid, CSI) is the regulator for Irish rail networks. It is an agency of the Republic of Ireland government, and its head office is in Temple House in Blackrock. [1]
Transport Infrastructure Ireland (Irish: Bonneagar Iompair Éireann) is a state agency in Ireland, dealing with road and public transport infrastructure. The body was established in 2015 from a merger of the Railway Procurement Agency into the National Roads Authority, with the latter being assigned the new operational name of Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII).
Typical uses of PSO include regional airline services in Northern Norway or Ireland, where the airlines serve low-population areas not profitable for the carriers without subsidies. Rail services can be unprofitable even on major routes, and government subsidies are sometimes offered through PSO. This has been very popular in Germany.
Rail transport in Ireland (InterCity, commuter and freight) is provided by Iarnród Éireann in the Republic of Ireland and by Northern Ireland Railways in Northern Ireland. Most routes in the Republic radiate from Dublin. Northern Ireland has suburban routes from Belfast and two main InterCity lines, to Derry and cross-border to Dublin.
The Single European Railway Directive 2012 is an EU Directive that regulates railway networks in European Union law.This recast the First Railway Directive" and consolidates legislation from each of the first to the fourth "Package" from 1991 to 2016, [1] and allows open access operations on railway lines by companies other than those that own the rail infrastructure.
Network Rail Ltd. was created with the express purpose of taking over Britain's railway infrastructure control; this was achieved via its purchase of Railtrack plc from Railtrack Group plc for £500 million; Railtrack plc was then renamed and reconstituted as Network Rail Infrastructure Limited. [33] The transaction was completed on 3 October 2002.
Until 2013, Ireland was the only European Union state that had not implemented EU Directive 91/440 and related legislation, having derogated from its obligation to split train operations and infrastructure businesses, and allow open access by private companies to the rail network. A consultation on the restructuring of Iarnród Éireann took ...