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In plane geometry, the einstein problem asks about the existence of a single prototile that by itself forms an aperiodic set of prototiles; that is, a shape that can tessellate space but only in a nonperiodic way. Such a shape is called an einstein, a word play on ein Stein, German for "one stone". [2]
The fundamental region is a shape such as a rectangle that is repeated to form the tessellation. [22] For example, a regular tessellation of the plane with squares has a meeting of four squares at every vertex. [18] The sides of the polygons are not necessarily identical to the edges of the tiles.
Tessellations of euclidean and hyperbolic space may also be considered regular polytopes. Note that an 'n'-dimensional polytope actually tessellates a space of one dimension less. For example, the (three-dimensional) platonic solids tessellate the 'two'-dimensional 'surface' of the sphere.
An example is the sphinx tiling, an aperiodic tiling formed by a pentagonal rep-tile. [20] The sphinx may also tile the plane periodically, by fitting two sphinx tiles together to form a parallelogram and then tiling the plane by translation of this parallelogram, [ 20 ] a pattern that can be extended to any non-convex pentagon that has two ...
In geometry, the triangular tiling or triangular tessellation is one of the three regular tilings of the Euclidean plane, and is the only such tiling where the constituent shapes are not parallelogons. Because the internal angle of the equilateral triangle is 60 degrees, six triangles at a point occupy a full 360 degrees.
A Pythagorean tiling Street Musicians at the Door, Jacob Ochtervelt, 1665.As observed by Nelsen [1] the floor tiles in this painting are set in the Pythagorean tiling. A Pythagorean tiling or two squares tessellation is a tiling of a Euclidean plane by squares of two different sizes, in which each square touches four squares of the other size on its four sides.
The union of all edges of a Cairo tiling is the same as the union of two tilings of the plane by hexagons.Each hexagon of one tiling surrounds two vertices of the other tiling, and is divided by the hexagons of the other tiling into four of the pentagons in the Cairo tiling. [4]
In geometry, the rhombille tiling, [1] also known as tumbling blocks, [2] reversible cubes, or the dice lattice, is a tessellation of identical 60° rhombi on the Euclidean plane. Each rhombus has two 60° and two 120° angles; rhombi with this shape are sometimes also called diamonds. Sets of three rhombi meet at their 120° angles, and sets ...