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2. Division algorithm - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_algorithm

   Long division is the standard algorithm used for pen-and-paper division of multi-digit numbers expressed in decimal notation. It shifts gradually from the left to the right end of the dividend, subtracting the largest possible multiple of the divisor (at the digit level) at each stage; the multiples then become the digits of the quotient, and the final difference is then the remainder.

3. Elementary arithmetic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_arithmetic

   The sum of two numbers is unique; there is only one correct answer for a sums. [8] When the sum of a pair of digits results in a two-digit number, the "tens" digit is referred to as the "carry digit". [9] In elementary arithmetic, students typically learn to add whole numbers and may also learn about topics such as negative numbers and fractions.

4. Lattice multiplication - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_multiplication

   A grid is drawn up, and each cell is split diagonally. The two multiplicands of the product to be calculated are written along the top and right side of the lattice, respectively, with one digit per column across the top for the first multiplicand (the number written left to right), and one digit per row down the right side for the second multiplicand (the number written top-down).

5. Long division - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_division

   The combination of these two symbols is sometimes known as a long division symbol or division bracket. [8] It developed in the 18th century from an earlier single-line notation separating the dividend from the quotient by a left parenthesis. [9] [10] The process is begun by dividing the left-most digit of the dividend by the divisor.

6. Trachtenberg system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachtenberg_system

   Starting from the rightmost digit, double each digit and add the neighbor. (The "neighbor" is the digit on the right.) If the answer is greater than a single digit, simply carry over the extra digit (which will be a 1 or 2) to the next operation. The remaining digit is one digit of the final result. Example:

7. Verbal arithmetic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbal_arithmetic

   Verbal arithmetic, also known as alphametics, cryptarithmetic, cryptarithm or word addition, is a type of mathematical game consisting of a mathematical equation among unknown numbers, whose digits are represented by letters of the alphabet.