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Helicity is a pseudo-scalar quantity: it changes sign under change from a right-handed to a left-handed frame of reference; it can be considered as a measure of the handedness (or chirality) of the flow. Helicity is one of the four known integral invariants of the Euler equations; the other three are energy, momentum and angular momentum.
Magnetic helicity is a gauge-dependent quantity, because can be redefined by adding a gradient to it (gauge choosing).However, for perfectly conducting boundaries or periodic systems without a net magnetic flux, the magnetic helicity contained in the whole domain is gauge invariant, [15] that is, independent of the gauge choice.
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Inspired by the use of kinetic control to produce work in natural processes, molecular motors are designed to have a continuous energy influx to keep them away from equilibrium to deliver work. [2] [1] Various energy sources are employed to drive molecular machines today, but this was not the case during the early years of AMM development.
As 2025 approaches, Bitcoin (CRYPTO: BTC) finds itself navigating a shifting macroeconomic landscape, with fading tailwinds raising concerns about sustained momentum, according to a report. What ...
Image source: Getty Images. Lucid will have to justify its huge pricing with performance and features. However, the good news is that the Gravity Grand Touring will have a range of 440 miles and ...
Several reports have demonstrated the attachment of synthetic molecular motors to surfaces. [49] [50] These primitive nanomachines have been shown to undergo machine-like motions when confined to the surface of a macroscopic material. The surface anchored motors could potentially be used to move and position nanoscale materials on a surface in ...
Wall Street's main indexes were subdued in choppy trading on Wednesday, as investors anticipated an interest rate cut from the Federal Reserve in its final meeting of the year and awaited clues on ...
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