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Backflow prevention device. The simplest, most reliable way to provide backflow prevention is to provide an air gap.An air gap is simply an open vertical space between any device that connects to a plumbing system (like a valve or faucet) and any place where contaminated water can collect or pool.
It is usually constructed of brass and resembles a 90-degree elbow with a hood on its top to allow air to enter the water system if a siphon attempts to form. Inside this elbow is a poppet valve that is held "up" by the water pressure found in the system, closing the air entrance to the device. If the pressure in the "upstream side" is reduced ...
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A vacuum breaker is a device that prevents water from being siphoned backward in a direction it is not desired to go. They are commonly placed on a bibcock valve or toilet or urinal flush valve, in which application they can prevent hose or drainage water from back-siphoning into the public drinking water system.
An anti-siphon valve is also required here to prevent pressure drops in the water supply line from suctioning water out of the toilet tank (which may contain additives such as "toilet blue" [53]) and contaminating the water system. Anti-siphon valves function as a one-direction check valve. Anti-siphon valves are also used medically.
A recent introduction to the UK has been the Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) valve, a form of double check valve where the intervening zone is drained and normally kept empty. [1] If the downstream valve leaks and permits backflow, this will drain out through the vent rather than building up pressure against the upstream valve.
Toward the end of the discharge process, the ballcock responds to the drop in water level and refills the tank. Should the float or valve fail and allow the water level to exceed the fill line, the water will pour into the overflow tube and out to the bowl (in the flapper valve type) or to an outside drain (in the siphon type).
Water cannot flow from the sink to the tap in normal circumstances, even if the water supply loses pressure. An air gap, as related to the plumbing trade, is the unobstructed vertical space between the water outlet and the flood level of a fixture. [1]
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