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This process, patented by the founders of the Viscose Development Company, is the most widely used method for manufacturing regenerated cellulose products. Courtaulds purchased the patents for this process in 1904, leading to significant growth of viscose fiber production. [ 53 ]
The kraft process (also known as kraft pulping or sulfate process) is a process for conversion of wood into wood pulp, which consists of almost pure cellulose fibres, the main component of paper. The kraft process involves treatment of wood chips with a hot mixture of water, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium sulfide (Na 2 S), known as white ...
Cellulose was used to produce the first successful thermoplastic polymer, celluloid, by Hyatt Manufacturing Company in 1870. Production of rayon ("artificial silk") from cellulose began in the 1890s, and cellophane was invented in 1912. In 1893, Arthur D. Little of Boston, invented yet another cellulosic product, acetate, and developed it as a ...
Unlike rayon made by the more common viscose processes, Lyocell production does not use carbon disulfide, [2] [3] which is toxic to workers and the environment. [4] [5] [2] Lyocell was originally trademarked as Tencel in 1982. "Lyocell" has become a genericized trademark, used to refer to the Lyocell process for making cellulose fibers.
A very rare heterogeneous process is the fiber acetate process, which is only used for the production of cellulose triacetate as an end product. In this process, the cellulose is suspended in a non-solvent (such as benzene) and esterified with acetic anhydride in the presence of perchloric acid as catalyst.
Rayon production involves solubilizing cellulose to allow turning the fibers into required form. Three common solubilization methods are: The cuprammonium process (not in use today), using ammoniacal solutions of copper salts [6] The viscose process, the most common today, [7] [8] using alkali and carbon disulfide
Dissolving pulp is used in production of regenerated cellulose. In the regenerated cellulose process the cellulose is converted to cellulose xanthate which dissolves easily in caustic soda. The resulting viscous liquid can be extruded through spinnerettes and regenerated as man-made fibres.
Due to the inefficient production process, the current price of bacterial cellulose remains too high to make it commercially attractive and viable on a large scale. [35] Traditional production methods cannot produce microbial cellulose in commercial quantities, so further advancements with reactor based production must be achieved to be able to ...