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NIST physicists Steve Jefferts (foreground) and Tom Heavner with the NIST-F2 cesium fountain atomic clock, a civilian time standard for the United States. NIST-F2 is a caesium fountain atomic clock that, along with NIST-F1, serves as the United States' primary time and frequency standard. [1] NIST-F2 was brought online on 3 April 2014. [1] [2]
The primary standard for the United States, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)'s caesium fountain clock named NIST-F2, measures time with an uncertainty of 1 second in 300 million years (relative uncertainty 10 −16). NIST-F2 was brought online on 3 April 2014. [3] [4]
NIST-F2 [9] Cs fountain 1.1 ... National Standard Time and Frequency Laboratory; ... Five caesium clocks, one passive hydrogen maser, two active hydrogen masers. ...
NIST-F1 is a cesium fountain clock, a type of atomic clock, in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colorado, and serves as the United States' primary time and frequency standard. The clock took fewer than four years to test and build, and was developed by Steve Jefferts and Dawn Meekhof of the Time and ...
The time used in the broadcast is set by the NIST Time Scale, known as UTC(NIST). This time scale is the calculated average time of an ensemble of master clocks, themselves calibrated by the NIST-F1 and NIST-F2 cesium fountain atomic clocks. [4] In 2011, NIST estimated the number of radio clocks and wristwatches equipped with a WWVB receiver at ...
NIST-7; NIST-F1; NIST-F2; Nuclear clock; P. Primary Atomic Reference Clock in Space; Q. Quantum logic clock; R. Rubidium standard This page was last edited on 8 ...
The idea of the atomic fountain was first proposed in the 1950s by Jerrold Zacharias. [6] [7] Zacharias attempted to implement an atomic fountain using a thermal beam of atoms, under the assumption that the atoms at the low-velocity end of the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution would be of sufficiently low energy to execute a reasonably sized parabolic trajectory. [8]
The primary time standard in the U.S. is currently NIST-F1, a laser-cooled Cs fountain, [34] the latest in a series of time and frequency standards, from the ammonia-based atomic clock (1949) to the caesium-based NBS-1 (1952) to NIST-7 (1993).
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