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To mark different hours, differently scented incenses (made from different recipes) were used. [54] The incense sticks used could be straight or spiralled; the spiralled ones were intended for long periods of use, and often hung from the roofs of homes and temples. [55] Some clocks were designed to drop weights at even intervals. [50]
French ormolu mantel clock (around 1800) by Julien Béliard (1758 – died after 1806), Paris.The clock case by Claude Galle (1758–1815) Ormolu (/ ˈ ɔːr m ə ˌ l uː /; from French or moulu 'ground/pounded gold') is the gilding technique of applying finely ground, high-carat gold–mercury amalgam to an object of bronze, and objects finished in this way.
He was considered to be one of the most famous clockmakers in Europe of his time. He made clocks for both home market as well as the Far Eastern market. The most designs came from André-Charles Boulle (1642-1732). He was born in Rouen, the son of Balthazar Martinot I (1610–1697), Gouverneur du Gros Horloge in Rouen.
A wooden clock face with a white background and colourfully painted motif decorated the Black Forest clocks during the whole of the 19th century. With a colourless, protective varnish the clock faces were resistant to moisture and dirt. From the second half of the 18th century, the varnished plate clock (Lackschilduhr) dominated the European ...
Salisbury Cathedral clock, restored. The Salisbury Cathedral clock is a large iron-framed tower clock without a dial, in Salisbury Cathedral, England.Thought to date from about 1386, it is a well-preserved example of the earliest type of mechanical clock, called verge and foliot clocks, and is said to be the oldest working clock in the world, [1] although similar claims are made for other clocks.
Many European technical advancements from the 12th to 14th centuries were either built on long-established techniques in medieval Europe, originating from Roman and Byzantine antecedents, or adapted from cross-cultural exchanges through trading networks with the Islamic world, China, and India. Often, the revolutionary aspect lay not in the act ...
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In Europe, there were the clocks constructed by Richard of Wallingford in Albans by 1336, and by Giovanni de Dondi in Padua from 1348 to 1364. They no longer exist, but detailed descriptions of their design and construction survive, [ 37 ] [ 38 ] and modern reproductions have been made. [ 38 ]