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Others [13] [failed verification] define a trapezoid as a quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides (the inclusive definition [14]), making the parallelogram a special type of trapezoid. The latter definition is consistent with its uses in higher mathematics such as calculus. This article uses the inclusive definition and considers ...
All of the area formulas for general convex quadrilaterals apply to parallelograms. Further formulas are specific to parallelograms: A parallelogram with base b and height h can be divided into a trapezoid and a right triangle, and rearranged into a rectangle, as shown in the figure to the left.
Any non-self-crossing quadrilateral with exactly one axis of symmetry must be either an isosceles trapezoid or a kite. [5] However, if crossings are allowed, the set of symmetric quadrilaterals must be expanded to include also the crossed isosceles trapezoids, crossed quadrilaterals in which the crossed sides are of equal length and the other sides are parallel, and the antiparallelograms ...
A Watt quadrilateral is a quadrilateral with a pair of opposite sides of equal length. [6] A quadric quadrilateral is a convex quadrilateral whose four vertices all lie on the perimeter of a square. [7] A diametric quadrilateral is a cyclic quadrilateral having one of its sides as a diameter of the circumcircle. [8]
A square is a special case of a rhombus (equal sides, opposite equal angles), a kite (two pairs of adjacent equal sides), a trapezoid (one pair of opposite sides parallel), a parallelogram (all opposite sides parallel), a quadrilateral or tetragon (four-sided polygon), and a rectangle (opposite sides equal, right-angles), and therefore has all ...
An arbitrary quadrilateral and its diagonals. Bases of similar triangles are parallel to the blue diagonal. Ditto for the red diagonal. The base pairs form a parallelogram with half the area of the quadrilateral, A q, as the sum of the areas of the four large triangles, A l is 2 A q (each of the two pairs reconstructs the quadrilateral) while that of the small triangles, A s is a quarter of A ...
For the general quadrilateral (with four sides not necessarily equal) Euler's quadrilateral theorem states + + + = + +, where is the length of the line segment joining the midpoints of the diagonals. It can be seen from the diagram that x = 0 {\displaystyle x=0} for a parallelogram, and so the general formula simplifies to the parallelogram law.
For an example, any parallelogram can be subdivided into a trapezoid and a right triangle, as shown in figure to the left. If the triangle is moved to the other side of the trapezoid, then the resulting figure is a rectangle. It follows that the area of the parallelogram is the same as the area of the rectangle: [2] A = bh (parallelogram).