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Australopithecus is a member of the subtribe Australopithecina, [4] [5] which sometimes also includes Ardipithecus, [6] though the term "australopithecine" is sometimes used to refer only to members of Australopithecus. Species include A. garhi, A. africanus, A. sediba, A. afarensis, A. anamensis, A. bahrelghazali, and A. deyiremeda.
The terms australopithecines, et. al., come from a former classification as members of a distinct subfamily, the Australopithecinae. [6] Members of Australopithecus are sometimes referred to as the "gracile australopithecines", while Paranthropus are called the "robust australopithecines". [10] [11]
Mrs. Ples is the popular nickname for the most complete skull of an Australopithecus africanus ever found in South Africa.Many Australopithecus fossils have been found near Sterkfontein, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Johannesburg, in a region of Gauteng (part of the old Transvaal) now designated as the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site.
A. afarensis was also capable of bipedal running with absolute speeds of 1.74–4.97 meters per second (6.3–17.9 km/h; 3.9–11.1 mph), slower than modern humans with maximum running speeds up to 7.9 meters per second (28 km/h; 18 mph), and its running energetics was similar to those of mammals and birds of similar body size. It has been ...
Australopithecus anamensis is a hominin species that lived approximately between 4.3 and 3.8 million years ago [1] [2] and is the oldest known Australopithecus species, [3] living during the Plio-Pleistocene era. [4] Nearly one hundred fossil specimens of A. anamensis are known from Kenya [5] [6] and Ethiopia, [7] representing
The Taung Child (or Taung Baby) is the fossilised skull of a young Australopithecus africanus. It was discovered in 1924 by quarrymen working for the Northern Lime Company in Taung, South Africa. Raymond Dart described it as a new species in the journal Nature in 1925. The Taung skull is in repository at the University of Witwatersrand. [1]
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A similar theory was proposed by Krantz (1975) who argued that Sangiran 6 is: "entirely outside the possible size range of Homo erectus and should be classed as Australopithecus africanus" (i.e. gracile as opposed to robust australopithecine).