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A conductive enclosure used to block electrostatic fields is also known as a Faraday cage. The amount of reduction depends very much upon the material used, its thickness, the size of the shielded volume and the frequency of the fields of interest and the size, shape and orientation of holes in a shield to an incident electromagnetic field.
A Faraday cage or Faraday shield is an enclosure used to block some electromagnetic fields. A Faraday shield may be formed by a continuous covering of conductive material, or in the case of a Faraday cage, by a mesh of such materials. Faraday cages are named after scientist Michael Faraday, who first constructed one in 1836. [1]
In electrostatics, a conductor is a three-dimensional equipotential region. In the case of a hollow conductor (Faraday cage [4]), the equipotential region includes the space inside. A ball will not be accelerated left or right by the force of gravity if it is resting on a flat, horizontal surface, because it is an equipotential surface.
Faraday's law was later generalized to become the Maxwell–Faraday equation, one of the four Maxwell equations in his theory of electromagnetism. Electromagnetic induction has found many applications, including electrical components such as inductors and transformers, and devices such as electric motors and generators.
An electromagnetic pulse (EMP), also referred to as a transient electromagnetic disturbance (TED), is a brief burst of electromagnetic energy. The origin of an EMP can be natural or artificial, and can occur as an electromagnetic field , as an electric field , as a magnetic field , or as a conducted electric current .
A variant of this is the high altitude EMP (HEMP) nuclear weapon, designed to create the pulse as its primary destructive effect. Non-nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NNEMP) weapons. Sources of repetitive EMP events, sometimes as regular pulse trains, include: Electric motors; Electrical ignition systems, such as in gasoline engines.
[4] [5] It also demonstrates the principles behind electromagnetic shielding such as employed in the Faraday cage. [6] [7] The ice pail experiment was the first precise quantitative experiment on electrostatic charge. [8] It is still used today in lecture demonstrations and physics laboratory courses to teach the principles of electrostatics. [9]
[37]: 88 This is the operating principle of the Faraday cage, a conducting metal shell that isolates its interior from outside electrical effects. The principles of electrostatics are important when designing items of high-voltage equipment. There is a finite limit to the electric field strength that may be withstood by any medium.
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