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For example, the hydra reproduces asexually by budding. The cells at the surface of hydra undergo mitosis and form a mass called a bud. Mitosis continues in the cells of the bud and this grows into a new individual. The same division happens during asexual reproduction or vegetative propagation in plants.
Cell division in prokaryotes (binary fission) and eukaryotes (mitosis and meiosis). The thick lines are chromosomes, and the thin blue lines are fibers pulling on the chromosomes and pushing the ends of the cell apart. The cell cycle in eukaryotes: I = Interphase, M = Mitosis, G 0 = Gap 0, G 1 = Gap 1, G 2 = Gap 2, S = Synthesis, G 3 = Gap 3.
Mitosis is also required at a higher rate to grow and repair tissue. Some examples include human lymph nodes and bone marrow. Also, skin, hair, and the cells lining the intestines (epithelial cells) have high rates of mitosis. That's because those tissues constantly need to be repaired (by the cells being replaced) or growing.
Stages of early mitosis in a vertebrate cell with micrographs of chromatids Metaphase (from Ancient Greek μετα- ( meta- ) beyond, above, transcending and from Ancient Greek φάσις (phásis) 'appearance') is a stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are at their second-most condensed and coiled stage (they are ...
Between the beginning of the G 1 phase (which is also after mitosis has occurred) and R, the cell is known as being in the G 1-pm subphase, or the post-mitotic phase. After R and before S, the cell is known as being in G 1-ps, or the pre S phase interval of the G 1 phase. [4]
The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G 1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G 2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's nucleus divides, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm and cell membrane divides forming two daughter cells.
A cell during anaphase. Microtubules are visible in green. Stages of late M phase in a vertebrate cell. Anaphase (from Ancient Greek ἀνα-() 'back, backward' and φάσις (phásis) 'appearance') is the stage of mitosis after the process of metaphase, when replicated chromosomes are split and the newly-copied chromosomes (daughter chromatids) are moved to opposite poles of the cell.
The breaking of the mitotic spindle, common to the completion of mitosis in all eukaryotes, is the event most often used to define the anaphase-B to telophase transition, [2] [6] although the initiation of nuclear reassembly tends to precede that of spindle disassembly. [11]