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According to historian Stephen Wheatcroft, approximately 1 million of these deaths were "purposive" while the rest happened through neglect and irresponsibility. [2] The deaths of at least 5.5 to 6.5 million [14] persons in the Soviet famine of 1932–1933 are sometimes, though not always, included with the victims of the Stalin era. [2] [15]
Rosefielde estimated the actual military dead at 8.7 million men and 17.7 to 20.3 million civilians killed by the Nazis in the war (exterminated, shot, gassed burned 6.4 or 11.3 million; famine and disease 8.5 or 6.5 million; forced laborer in Germany 2.8 or 3.0 million and 500,000 who did not return to USSR after war.) [165]: 72 In addition to ...
Stalin also initiated a new military build-up; the Soviet army was expanded from 2.9 million soldiers, as it stood in 1949, to 5.8 million by 1953. [ 501 ] The U.S. began pushing its interests on every continent , acquiring air force bases in Africa and Asia and ensuring pro-U.S. regimes took power across Latin America. [ 502 ]
Official figures put the total number of documentable executions during the years 1937 and 1938 at 681,692, [172] [173] in addition to 116,000 deaths in the Gulag, [1] and 2,000 unofficially killed in non-article 58 shootings; [1] whereas the total estimate of deaths brought about by Soviet repression during the Great Purge ranges from 950,000 ...
Robert Conquest estimated at least 7 million peasants' deaths from hunger in the European part of the Soviet Union in 1932–33 (5 million in Ukraine, 1 million in the North Caucasus, and 1 million elsewhere), and an additional 1 million deaths from hunger as a result of collectivization in the Kazakh ASSR. [196]
Joseph Stalin's purges and massacres between 1936 and the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany (Great Purge) had about one million victims. This list includes some of the most prominent victims along with the date of their deaths. Except where otherwise stated, the date is that on which the individual was executed by shooting.
World War II deaths by country World War II deaths by theater. World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history.An estimated total of 70–85 million deaths were caused by the conflict, representing about 3% of the estimated global population of 2.3 billion in 1940. [1]
Fending off the German invasion and pressing to victory over Nazi Germany in the Second World War required a tremendous sacrifice by the Soviet Union (more than by any other country in human history). Soviet casualties totaled around 27 million. [181] Although figures vary, the Soviet civilian death toll probably reached 18 million. [181]