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Torque charts are available to specify the required torque for a given fastener based on its property class (fineness of manufacture and fit) and grade (tensile strength). Spring Analogy for a Bolted Joint. When a fastener is tightened, a tension preload is develops in the bolt, while an equal compressive preload forms in the clamped parts.
In 2016, ASTM officially withdrew specification A325 and replaced it with ASTM F3125. [3] To minimize confusion, bolt head markings are unchanged and the designation A325 is retained as a grade name within the new standard. [4] In 1951, A325 bolts were recognized as equivalent to a hot driven ASTM A141 rivet. [5]
They can be further divided into two categories: [3] torque controlled: the anchor is inserted into the hole and secured by applying a specified torque to the bolt head or nut with a torque wrench. A particular sub-category of this anchor is called wedge type. As shown in the figure, tightening the bolt results in a wedge being driven up ...
Two spanners, both nominal size 5 ⁄ 8 in, with a diagram superimposed to show the logic that allows them both to be nominal size 5 ⁄ 8 in when their actual sizes are clearly different (across-flats distance vs screw diameter). The across-flats definition is the common standard today, and has been for many decades.
For 1987, a larger 7.3 L version of the IDI was introduced. [7] This engine features numerous improvements over the 6.9, with most of the changes located in the heads; the block received an increased bore and select-fit pistons, while the heads received an enlarged prechamber, enlarged valve stem shields, harder valves, and other minor upgrades.
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1993–1994.5—7.3 L IDI with Turbo; 1994.5–2003.5—7.3 L DI (direct injection) "Power Stroke" 2003.5–2009—6.0 L DI "Power Stroke" (E and F-series vehicles) 2008–2010—6.4 L DI "Power Stroke" (F-series only) 1989–1993 Ford-Cosworth HB engine—DOHC 3.5 L (Formula One racing engine) 1991–present Modular V8 —SOHC/DOHC 4.6/5.0/5.4 ...
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